“…For two decades, researchers have explored the physiological effects of the use of TASER ® 1 technology and its relationship to adverse reactions and sudden arrest-related deaths (Kroll, 2009; Vilke et al, 2007; Williams, 2008; Webster et al, 2006; Werner et al, 2012). Physiological research has examined cardiac, respiratory, and metabolic effects (Baliatsas et al, 2021; Bozeman et al, 2009; Jauchem et al, 2009). More recently, research has centered on the effects of associated trauma, such as injuries from uncontrolled falls, from the ignition of volatile fumes, and from impacts to the eyes (Gapsis et al, 2017; Kroll et al, 2016; Kroll et al, 2017).…”