Human health risk assessment of ground water contaminated with petroleum PAHs using Monte Carlo simulations: A case study of an Indian metropolitan city

Rajasekhar, Bokam; Nambi, Indumathi M.; Govindarajan, Suresh Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.078

Cited by 104 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Monte Carlo simulations is one of the powerful tools used in health risk assessment and distribution concerning the exposure to heavy metals ( Giri et al, 2020 ; Rajasekhar et al, 2018 ; Dimov et al, 2011 ; Biesiada, 2001 ). This tool is widely used for modeling natural, social and economic phenomena.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive risk assessment of toxic elements in international brands of face foundation powders

Shomar

Rashkeev

2021

Environmental Research

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Despite the COVID-19 pandemic and wearing masks in many countries, women are keen on elegance, beauty and the use of face foundations. Assessment of health risks associated with the regular use of face foundation by females is dynamic due to the emerging products. The most common international 14 brands of face foundation powders were collected and the concentrations of different elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, V and Zn) in each sample were determined. A combined approach merging the conventional and computational tools was used for investigating the risk of exposure to toxic elements. Monte Carlo simulations were applied to calculate risks associated with twenty elements. We attempted different probability distribution functions for concentrations because the actual distribution functions are not known, and the only data available are the mean value and standard deviation of concentrations obtained from experiment. Our results indicate that the total non-carcinogenic health risk through exposure to different elements (Hazardous Index, HI) does not strongly depend on the choice of the probability distribution function for the concentrations. We also show that taking into account probability distributions of other variables and parameters such as body weight, exposed skin area, skin adhesion, etc. does not significantly change the main result rather just slightly broadening the final Hazardous Index distribution function. We found that calculated HI is well below unity for all considered samples, i.e., the dermal exposure to toxic elements in the considered facial powders is negligible and the considered face foundation powders are quite safe to use.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive risk assessment of toxic elements in international brands of face foundation powders

Shomar

Rashkeev

2021

Environmental Research

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“…Wastewater contains several dangerous and harmful materials and it originates from various sources, which includes sewage, industrial and commercial waste, agricultural waste etc., which could be characterized by their physical appearance, chemical composition, and loads of microorganisms [16]. Generally, wastewater comes from normal living processes or in other terms wastewater is any water that has been contaminated by human use [17,18]. The major sources of wastewater are domestic wastewater, agricultural waste, industrial waste, and commercial waste [19].…”

Section: Wastewater: Sources and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnology in Wastewater Management: A New Paradigm Towards Wastewater Treatment

et al. 2021

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Clean and safe water is a fundamental human need for multi-faceted development of society and a thriving economy. Brisk rises in populations, expanding industrialization, urbanization and extensive agriculture practices have resulted in the generation of wastewater which have not only made the water dirty or polluted, but also deadly. Millions of people die every year due to diseases communicated through consumption of water contaminated by deleterious pathogens. Although various methods for wastewater treatment have been explored in the last few decades but their use is restrained by many limitations including use of chemicals, formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), time consumption and expensiveness. Nanotechnology, manipulation of matter at a molecular or an atomic level to craft new structures, devices and systems having superior electronic, optical, magnetic, conductive and mechanical properties, is emerging as a promising technology, which has demonstrated remarkable feats in various fields including wastewater treatment. Nanomaterials encompass a high surface to volume ratio, a high sensitivity and reactivity, a high adsorption capacity, and ease of functionalization which makes them suitable for application in wastewater treatment. In this article we have reviewed the techniques being developed for wastewater treatment using nanotechnology based on adsorption and biosorption, nanofiltration, photocatalysis, disinfection and sensing technology. Furthermore, this review also highlights the fate of the nanomaterials in wastewater treatment as well as risks associated with their use.

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“…Moreover, 16 PAHs have been selected as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) owing to their carcinogenicity, toxicity, and mutagenicity (Zheng et al 2016;USEPA 2014). Furthermore, health issues including health risks of PAHs have also become scientific and public-concerning hotspot in recent years (Akhbarizadeh et al 2016;Qamar et al 2017;Rajasekhar et al 2018;Sarria-Villa et al 2016). Therefore, it is critical to explore the potential ecological and health risks posed by PAHs when paying attention to those pollutants in aquatic systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution, sources, and ecological-health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal waters along coastline of China

Lü

Zhang

et al. 2019

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

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This study investigated the distribution, sources, and potential risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal waters along over 18,000 km of coastline in China. Concentrations of PAHs in coastal waters ranged from 141.99 to 717.72 ng/L. Approximately 84.38% of sampling sites were determined at moderate PAH pollution level. PAHs in coastal waters at most of sampling sites mainly originated from combustion based on characteristic ratios of PAHs. Ecological risks posed by PAHs in coastal waters were evaluated as high level at 59.38% of sampling sites and moderate level at 40.63% of sampling sites although toxic equivalent quotients of PAHs only ranged from 2.86 to 126.52 ng/L benzo[a]pyrene that was not detected at all sampling sites. Maximal cancer risk/hazard quotient of total PAHs in coastal waters for adults and children reached 6.34 Â 10 À4 /5.85 Â 10 À2 and 2.25 Â 10 À3 /7.72 Â 10 À2 , respectively. PAHs exerted high cancer risks for children at 31.25% of sampling sites. Health risks posed by PAHs in coastal waters of this study were higher than those of Japan,

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Human health risk assessment of ground water contaminated with petroleum PAHs using Monte Carlo simulations: A case study of an Indian metropolitan city

Cited by 104 publications

References 31 publications

A comprehensive risk assessment of toxic elements in international brands of face foundation powders

A comprehensive risk assessment of toxic elements in international brands of face foundation powders

Nanotechnology in Wastewater Management: A New Paradigm Towards Wastewater Treatment

Pollution, sources, and ecological-health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal waters along coastline of China

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