Human health risk assessment of long chain alcohols

Veenstra, G. E.; Webb, Catherine M.; Sanderson, Hans; Belanger, Scott E.; Fisk, Peter; Nielsen, Allen M.; Kasai, Yutaka; Willing, Andreas; Dyer, Scott D.; Penney, David A.; Certa, Hans; Stanton, Kathleen; Sedlak, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.07.012

Cited by 44 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…A prolonged exposure causes nausea, coughing, diarrhea, vertigo, drowsiness, headache, and vomiting (Papa 2000). These chemicals do not show evidence of activity in genetic toxicity tests or to the reproductive system or the developing organism (Veenstra et al 2009), with the exception of 3-methyl-butan-2-ol which has demonstrated carcinogenic activity in animal studies ).…”

Section: Pentanolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Alcohols: Aliphatic Saturated Alcohols

Patočka¹,

Kuča²

2012

Mil. Med. Sci. Lett.

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SummaryToxic alcohols that clinicians commonly encounter are ethylene glycol, methanol, and isopropanol. Adults ingest these either for suicidal intent or to achieve inebriation, since these substances are readily available and cheaper than alcohol. Nevertheless, assorted alcohols are used very often in many applications and any alcohol can be toxic if ingested in large enough quantities. Toxic alcohols discussed here include all saturated aliphatic alcohols containing from 1 to 6 carbons in their molecules.

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Section: Pentanolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Alcohols: Aliphatic Saturated Alcohols

Patočka¹,

Kuča²

2012

Mil. Med. Sci. Lett.

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“…Aliphatic n-alkanols constitute a large family of ubiquitous substances composed of short chain (C 1 -C 5 ) and long chain (C 6 -C 22 ) alcohols that are used in a variety of domestic and industrial applications (1,2). Extensive literature has documented the capacity of ethanol to modulate the immune system directly or indirectly by interfering with the function of T lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and endothelial cells (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Size of the Unbranched Aliphatic Chain Determines the Immunomodulatory Potency of Short and Long Chain n-Alkanols

Carignan

Désy

Ghani

et al. 2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: Aliphatic n-alkanols have multiple biological effects not yet completely characterized. Results: n-Alkanols are immunomodulators that act downstream of the cell membrane by dysregulating the activation of the NFAT and NF-B transcription factors. Conclusion: There is a correlation between the immunomodulatory capacity of the homologous series of n-alkanols and the size of the aliphatic chain/hydrophobicity. Significance: This work contributes to the understanding of the biological activity of ubiquitous n-alkanols.

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“…Hence the potential adverse effects of the hydrolysis products of CFA relate to the cetyl alcohol which accounts for grossly half of the proposed CFA intake corresponding to approximately 12 mg/kg bw. Human health risk assessment of long chain alcohols, including cetyl alcohol (OECD, 2006;Veenstra et al, 2009). It was concluded that the NOAEL in repeated dose toxicity studies (28 day, 13-week and reproduction toxicity tests) were all in a similar range, with the lowest value at 750 mg/kg bw based on cetyl alcohol as the representative linear aliphatic alcohol (Veenstra et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statement on the safety of ‘Cetyl Myristoleate Complex’ as an ingredient in food supplements

Products¹

2013

EFSA Journal

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies was asked to update its opinion on the safety of ‘Cetyl Myristoleate Complex’ (CMC) as a novel food ingredient in the light of a new repeated dose 90‐day oral toxicity study in mice. In its previous opinion of 2010, the Panel concluded that based on the available data, the safety of CMC as an ingredient in food supplements has not been established. This conclusion was based on the considerations that in the absence of appropriate data on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, the provided toxicological data were insufficient. Whereas the applicant considers that the NOAEL of CMC in this new 90‐day study was 1000 mg/kg body weight (bw), the highest dose tested, the Panel considers that this study and study report has many shortcomings to be a reliable source of information supporting the absence of adverse effects of the parent material CMC. The Panel concludes that the safety of ‘Cetyl Myristoleate Complex’ has not been established.

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Human health risk assessment of long chain alcohols

Cited by 44 publications

References 55 publications

Toxic Alcohols: Aliphatic Saturated Alcohols

Toxic Alcohols: Aliphatic Saturated Alcohols

The Size of the Unbranched Aliphatic Chain Determines the Immunomodulatory Potency of Short and Long Chain n-Alkanols

Statement on the safety of ‘Cetyl Myristoleate Complex’ as an ingredient in food supplements

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