Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Black Sea: Evaluating Mussels

Abstract

The levels of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg in the edible tissues of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 (Mediterranean mussel) picked up from the Black Sea coasts of Turkey have been determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma -Mass Spectrometer (ICP/MS) with a view to biomonitoring metal contamination in 2015. In this work, a statistically significant difference in the amounts of all studied heavy metals analyzed was noticed amidst sampling areas namely Igneada, Sinop, Samsun and Trabzon so that appraise welfare threat for mussel consumers, utilization M. galloprovincialis as biomonitors. The outcomes of this study were contrasted with the outlines stated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF), the Turkish Food Codex and Commission Regulation (EC) for the harmless consumption restrictions of Bivalves as seafood. Moreover, former works with mussels in the Black Sea countries were reviewed and a summary of heavy metal amounts in mussels from whole the Black Sea waters were presented. In general these available measurements clearly indicated a low level heavy metal in M. galloprovincialis in coastal waters of the Black Sea. In this study the concentrations (mg metal kg -1 wet wt.) of metals ranged from 18-35 for Fe, 8-27 for Zn, 2.8-4.5 for Mn, 0.5-1.8 for Cu, 0.06-0.31 for Pb, 0.04-0.10 for Cd and 0.03-0.07 for Hg. Considering human health with respect to the investigated heavy metals, the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) did not exceed the permissible intakes. No chronic systemic risk was found since total hazard index (0.521) were quite below critical value 1, and the carcinogenic risk for heavy metals did not exceed the tolerable values. Although there was no health risk to consumed mussels from the Black Sea riparian countries, the amount of mussels consumed is mainly unknown in countries; thus, consumption of about 1 serving of mussels from clean coastal waters per week is enough. current World EnvironmentJournal Website: www.cwejournal.org

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals from Smoked Corbicula fluminea Collected on Roadside Vendors at Kelantan, Malaysia

“…This result is in agreement with that of Olmedo et al's [46] study which found 3.25 mg/60 kg person/week (0.464 × 7) of Zn intake through fish and shellfish consumption in Andalusia (Southern Spain). The current result is lower than that in [47] which reported that the EWI of the Pb in M. galloprovincialis ranged from 3.92 to 13.23 mg/70 kg person/week (0.056 × 70 to 0.189 × 70) with the EWI : PTWI ratio of 0.86 to 2.70%.…”

“…The current result is found to be higher than that of the study by Olmedo et al [46], who reported 0.35 mg/60 kg person/week (0.05 × 7) of Mn intake through fish and shellfish consumption in Andalusia. The current result is also found to be slightly higher than that of the study by Bat et al [47] who reported that EWI of the Mn in M. galloprovincialis was in the range of 1.37 to 2.21 mg/70 kg person/week (0.0196 × 70 to 0.0315 × 70).…”

“…The result obtained is higher than the previous study carried out by Olmedo et al [46] who reported 0.82 mg/60 kg person/week (0.117 × 7) of Cu intake through fish and shellfish consumption in Andalusia (Southern Spain). Bat et al [47] study the heavy metals in Mytillus galloprovincialis from the Turkish Black Sea coasts and found that EWI of Cu was in the range of 0.24 to 0.88 mg/70 kg person/week (0.0035 × 70 to 0.0126 × 70) with EWI :PTWI ratio 0.1% to 0.36%.…”

“…Besides, Sharif et al [37] reported that the EWI of Pb for Metretrix spp., Amusium pleuronectes , and Strombus canarium were 0.04 mg/62.65 kg person/week (0.10 × 7 × 62.65/1000), 0.11 mg/62.65 kg person/week (0.25 × 7 × 62.65/1000), and 0.08 mg/62.65 kg person/week (0.19 × 7 × 62.65/1000), respectively. Bat et al [47] reported that the EWI of Pb in M. galloprovincialis from the Turkish Black Sea coasts was in the range of 0.03 to 0.15 mg/70 kg person/week (0.00042 × 70 to 0.00217 × 70) with the highest EWI : PTWI ratio of 1.68 to 8.68%. In the current study, the Pb intake in weekly measurement is found to be higher than that of most of these previous studies.…”

Trace elements risk assessment for consumption of wild mussels along South Africa coastline

“…Numerous studies on the concentration of trace elements in mussels assessed risks associated with their consumption collected in the world regions of modern large-scale producers of cultivated molluscs (for example, Montenegro, Turkey, China, USA, Italy, New Zeland, Malaysia: Stankovic et al, 2012;Bat et al, 2018;Fung et al, 2004;Ho and Leung, 2014;Goldhaber, 2003;Spada et al, 2013;Whyte et al, 2009;Yap et al, 2016). Usually, they focused on key pollutants, namely, on four trace elements (Cd, Pb, Hg, and As) and discussed their concentrations in mussels in comparison with guideline limits.…”