Human foot modeling towards footwear design

Tang, Yuk Ming; Hui, K. C.

doi:10.1016/j.cad.2011.08.005

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A review on the use of numerical models for design of footwear components can be found in Tang and Chuen. 1 Verdejo and Mills 2 report the stress distribution in the heel pad of the foot and the midsole of running shoe using two-dimensional finite element models. Erdemir et al 3 conduct a two-dimensional simulation of a plug material inserted in the midsole of a shoe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the interaction phenomena between foot and insole by means of a numerical approach

Forestiero

Raumer

Carniel

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

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The biomechanical response of foot with regard to interaction phenomena occurring at interface with insole inserted in\ud the shoe is investigated by using a numerical approach. At this purpose, a complex three-dimensional model of the foot\ud is defined from biomedical images, while insole conformation is acquired by laser scanner technique, leading to the finite\ud element discretization. Foot tissues are characterized by means of specific constitutive visco-hyperelastic anisotropic formulations,\ud recalling previous research activity. The mechanical behavior of insole material is analyzed by means of experimental\ud compression tests that highlight the geometric and material non-linear response, represented by a hyperelastic\ud formulation, while a hyperfoam formulation is assumed for the sole. Numerical analysis considers the mid-stance phase\ud of the gait and allows to interpret the response of overall foot, insole and sole system. The investigation represents a\ud preliminary step of a parametric analysis addressed to support footwear design considering different configurations of\ud components. As matter of example, the influence of variation in insole material properties is reported

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the interaction phenomena between foot and insole by means of a numerical approach

Forestiero

Raumer

Carniel

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

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“…But in addition to the material and shape, the distribution of stress on the surface of the sole is significantly affected by its thickness. The thicker it is, the more effective it is [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the dependence of stresses and deformations on the surfaces of shoe soles of different thicknesses and materials

Golubeva

Pogorelova

2021

E3S Web Conf.

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For this study, three-dimensional models of the soles of work shoes of different thicknesses and consisting of different materials were created. These models were analyzed to obtain the distribution of stress and strain on their surfaces. To build the model, we used experimental data on the shape and size of the sole, as well as the properties of specific materials used in the manufacture of soles for work shoes used in agriculture. The goal was to determine the most suitable material, that is, which of the materials has the most suitable characteristics for the sole, has the best wear resistance when used in agriculture. We noticed a significant reduction in deformations on the surface of the sole with an increase in the thickness of the sole, as well as when using two-component casting of the sole from a combination of materials: low-density EVA and flexible PU, medium-density EVA and soft PVC. This indicates their advantages and maximum suitability.

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“…In our 3D model all these vertices will become pilot points during direct manipulation deformation process. Some authors caused deformation by assigning landmarks (reflective points or contour points or fiducial points) on the 2D image which correspond to a set of vertices on the 3D model; the vertices on the 3D model are displaced according to the positions of the landmark points on the 2D template to form the new 3D form as depicted by the 2D template [37], [38], [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first is by assigning landmark point (reflective marker or contour point) on the 2D template (target) and aligning the vertices of the existing 3D model to match the landmark points on the 2D template resulting in a 3D model for the target shape [37], [38]. Although Murakawa et al [33] also assigned sketch points on 2D images but they selected vertices on existing 3D models as control vertices instead of using all the vertices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technique of displacement of selected existing vertices on the surface of generic 3D model to give rise to different shapes is termed direct manipulation technique [31]. Based on this definition the deformation methods used by Tang & Hui [37], Kraevoy et al [38] and Murakawa et al [33] can be classified as direct manipulation technique. This technique allows a modeller to deform the shape of a generic 3D model in a more intuitive and user-friendly way because this technique focuses only on the control of a comparatively sparser collection of vertices on the surface of generic model [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Deformable Generic 3D Model of Haptoral Anchor of Monogenean

2013

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In this paper, a digital 3D model which allows for visualisation in three dimensions and interactive manipulation is explored as a tool to help us understand the structural morphology and elucidate the functions of morphological structures of fragile microorganisms which defy live studies. We developed a deformable generic 3D model of haptoral anchor of dactylogyridean monogeneans that can subsequently be deformed into different desired anchor shapes by using direct manipulation deformation technique. We used point primitives to construct the rectangular building blocks to develop our deformable 3D model. Point primitives are manually marked on a 2D illustration of an anchor on a Cartesian graph paper and a set of Cartesian coordinates for each point primitive is manually extracted from the graph paper. A Python script is then written in Blender to construct 3D rectangular building blocks based on the Cartesian coordinates. The rectangular building blocks are stacked on top or by the side of each other following their respective Cartesian coordinates of point primitive. More point primitives are added at the sites in the 3D model where more structural variations are likely to occur, in order to generate complex anchor structures. We used Catmull-Clark subdivision surface modifier to smoothen the surface and edge of the generic 3D model to obtain a smoother and more natural 3D shape and antialiasing option to reduce the jagged edges of the 3D model. This deformable generic 3D model can be deformed into different desired 3D anchor shapes through direct manipulation deformation technique by aligning the vertices (pilot points) of the newly developed deformable generic 3D model onto the 2D illustrations of the desired shapes and moving the vertices until the desire 3D shapes are formed. In this generic 3D model all the vertices present are deployed for displacement during deformation.

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Human foot modeling towards footwear design

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Investigation of the interaction phenomena between foot and insole by means of a numerical approach

Investigation of the interaction phenomena between foot and insole by means of a numerical approach

Analysis of the dependence of stresses and deformations on the surfaces of shoe soles of different thicknesses and materials

A Deformable Generic 3D Model of Haptoral Anchor of Monogenean

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