Human fetal exposure to ochratoxin A and aflatoxins

Jonsyn, Felixtina E.; Maxwell, S. M.; Hendrickse, R. G.

doi:10.1080/02724936.1995.11747742

Cited by 55 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…28 We found a highly significant negative correlation between aflatoxin levels in cord blood and birthweight and between maternal aflatoxin levels and birthweight. Unlike most reports in the literature, 9,29,30 we found a highly significant correlation between aflatoxin levels in mothers and their infants. This reflects either the speed and efficiency with which aflatoxins are transported across the placenta to the fetus or continuous ingestion of aflatoxin by the mother, thereby resulting in a steady supply of aflatoxin to the fetus.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Morbidity in neonates of mothers who have ingested aflatoxins

Abdulrazzaq

Osman

Yousif

et al. 2004

Annals of Tropical Paediatrics

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This study was undertaken to assess whether aflatoxin M(1) concentrations in newborn infants correlated with those of their mothers and to determine whether the presence of aflatoxin M(1) in cord blood was associated with an increase in morbidity in the newborn. There was a strong correlation (r =0.797, p <0.0001) between mothers' and cord blood levels of aflatoxin. There was also a strong negative correlation between aflatoxin levels and birthweight (r =-0.565, p <0.001) but there was no association between aflatoxin M(1) concentration in maternal or cord blood and rates of jaundice or infection.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Morbidity in neonates of mothers who have ingested aflatoxins

Abdulrazzaq

Osman

Yousif

et al. 2004

Annals of Tropical Paediatrics

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“…Other studies in the Gambia and Kenya found significant association between aflatoxin exposure and wasting (Okoth and Ohingo 2004). Four studies (Abdulrazzaq et al 2002;Abdulrazzaq et al 2004;Abulu et al 1998;Turner et al 2007) reported a negative correlation between birth weight and aflatoxin levels; two studies found this relationship only when the sex of the infant was female (Jonsyn et al 1995a;Vries et al 1989).…”

Section: Cgiar Agricultural Research On Food Safety and Aflatoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

International agricultural research to reduce food risks: case studies on aflatoxins

et al. 2015

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Despite massive expansion of human and livestock populations, fuelled by agricultural innovations, nearly one billion people are hungry and 2 billion are sickened each year from the food they eat. Agricultural and food systems are intimately connected to health outcomes, but health policy and programs often stop at the clinic door. A consensus is growing that the disconnection between agriculture, health and nutrition is at least partly responsible for the disease burden associated with food and farming. Mycotoxins produced by fungi are one of the most serious food safety problems affecting staple crops (especially maize and groundnuts).Aflatoxins, the best studied of these mycotoxins, cause around 90,000 cases of liver cancer each year and are strongly associated with stunting and immune suppression in children. Mycotoxins also cause major economic disruptions through their impacts on trade and livestock production. In this paper we use the case of fungal toxins to explore how agricultural research can produce innovations, understand incentives and enable institutions to improve, simultaneously, food safety, food accessibility for poor consumers and access to markets for smallholder farmers, thus making the case for research investors to support research into agricultural approaches for enhancing food safety in value chains. We first discuss the evolution of food safety research within the CGIAR. Then we show how taking an epidemiological and economic perspective on aflatoxin research connects health and nutrition outcomes. Finally, we present three case studies illustrating the traditional strengths of CGIAR research: breeding better varieties and developing new technologies.

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“…There are several other studies of some note with respect to aflatoxin and birth outcomes with several showing significant negative correlations between birth anthropometry or child undernutrition and aflatoxin measures in biofluids [32–34, 38, 41, 42, 62, 133, 134], whilst one reported study found no statistically significant associations [135]. Importantly, this current set of studies used only “aflatoxin biomeasures” and none of these studies used validated exposure biomarker (AF-albumin in sera, AF-N7-Guanine in urine, nor AFM1 in urine) to assess the level of aflatoxin exposure; thus, quantitative relationships between the biomeasure and exposure outcome are not straightforward to interpret.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Aflatoxin Driven Growth Falteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Epidemiology of Chronic Aflatoxin Driven Impaired Child Growth

Turner

2013

Scientifica

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Aflatoxins are toxic secondary fungal metabolites that contaminate dietary staples in tropical regions; chronic high levels of exposure are common for many of the poorest populations. Observations in animals indicate that growth and/or food utilization are adversely affected by aflatoxins. This review highlights the development of validated exposure biomarkers and their use here to assess the role of aflatoxins in early life growth retardation. Aflatoxin exposure occurs in utero and continues in early infancy as weaning foods are introduced. Using aflatoxin-albumin exposure biomarkers, five major studies clearly demonstrate strong dose response relationships between exposure in utero and/or early infancy and growth retardation, identified by reduced birth weight and/or low HAZ and WAZ scores. The epidemiological studies include cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys, though aflatoxin reduction intervention studies are now required to further support these data and guide sustainable options to reduce the burden of exposure. The use of aflatoxin exposure biomarkers was essential in understanding the observational data reviewed and will likely be a critical monitor of the effectiveness of interventions to restrict aflatoxin exposure. Given that an estimated 4.5 billion individuals live in regions at risk of dietary contamination the public health concern cannot be over stated.

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Human fetal exposure to ochratoxin A and aflatoxins

Cited by 55 publications

References 27 publications

Morbidity in neonates of mothers who have ingested aflatoxins

Morbidity in neonates of mothers who have ingested aflatoxins

International agricultural research to reduce food risks: case studies on aflatoxins

The Molecular Epidemiology of Chronic Aflatoxin Driven Impaired Child Growth

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