Human Factors Issues in Virtual Environments: A Review of the Literature

Stanney, Kay M.; Mourant, Ronald R.; Kennedy, Robert S.

doi:10.1162/105474698565767

Cited by 402 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…One commonly reported side-effect of HMDs is that they are nausegenic [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The motion sickness experienced with HMDs is most appropriately referred to as 'cybersickness' [11,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vection and cybersickness generated by head-and-display motion in the Oculus Rift

2017

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Cybersickness is often experienced when viewing virtual environments through head-mounted displays (HMDs). This study examined whether vection (i.e., illusory self-motion) and mismatches between perceived and physical head motions contribute to such adverse experiences. Observers made oscillatory yaw head rotations while viewing stereoscopic optic flow through an Oculus Rift HMD. Vection and cybersickness were measured under 3 conditions of visual compensation for physical head movements: "compensated", "uncompensated", and "inversely compensated". When a nearer aperture was simulated by the HMD, vection was found to be strongest in the "compensated" condition and weakest in the "inversely compensated" condition. However, vection was similar for all 3 conditions during full-field exposures. Cybersickness was most severe for the "inversely compensated" condition, but was not different for the other two conditions. We conclude that mismatches between perceived and physical head-movements can contribute strongly to cybersickness. The relationship between vection and cybersickness is weaker and appears complex. Cybersickness is often experienced when viewing virtual environments through headmounted displays (HMDs). This study examined whether vection (i.e., illusory self-motion) and mismatches between perceived and physical head motions contribute to such adverse experiences. Observers made oscillatory yaw head rotations while viewing stereoscopic optic flow through an Oculus Rift HMD. Vection and cybersickness were measured under 3 conditions of visual compensation for physical head movements: "compensated", "uncompensated", and "inversely compensated". When a nearer aperture was simulated by the HMD, vection was found to be strongest in the "compensated" condition and weakest in the "inversely compensated" condition. However, vection was similar for all 3 conditions during full-field exposures. Cybersickness was most severe for the "inversely compensated" condition, but was not different for the other two conditions. We conclude that mismatches between perceived and physical head-movements can contribute strongly to cybersickness. The relationship between vection and cybersickness is weaker and appears complex.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vection and cybersickness generated by head-and-display motion in the Oculus Rift

2017

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“…Analyzing the effect of each of these factors individually and systematically would provide a better understanding of the complex process of tool use. Haptic interfaces provide several advantages in this respect: They are robotic systems, which enable human users to touch and interact with virtual objects (Stanney et al 1998;Mahvash and Hayward 2004) and offer the possibility of performing controlled studies with very precisely defined and standardized conditions in virtual reality that cannot be done in the real world. These devices thereby enable the independent manipulation of the different factors involved in tool use, such as FFB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Force feedback facilitates multisensory integration during robotic tool use

et al. 2013

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In the first experiment it was found that tool-use training with force feedback facilitates multisensory integration of signals from the tool, as reflected in a stronger crossmodal congruency effect with the force feedback training compared to training without force feedback and to no training. The second experiment extends these findings by showing that training with realistic online force feedback resulted in a stronger crossmodal congruency effect compared to training in which force feedback was delayed. The present study highlights the importance of haptic information for multisensory integration and extends findings from classical tool-use studies to the domain of robotic tools. We argue that such crossmodal congruency effects are an objective measure of robotic tool integration and propose some potential applications in surgical robotics, robotic tools, and human-tool interaction.

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“…In addition to these improvements, playing with a virtual reality interface may enhance its realism and grant players a finer sense of presence, providing higher involvement and immersion (Persky & Blascovich, 2006;Stanney, Mourant & Kennedy, 1998;Tamborini et al, 2001). These features may also favor participants' identification with the game character (Persky & Blascovich, 2006), which in turn has also been associated with increases on aggression (e.g., Huesmann, Moise, Podolski, & Eron, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the effects of Unreal violent video games pronounced when playing with a virtual reality system?

Arriaga

Esteves²,

Carneiro

et al. 2008

Aggressive Behavior

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This study was conducted to analyze the short‐term effects of violent electronic games, played with or without a virtual reality (VR) device, on the instigation of aggressive behavior. Physiological arousal (heart rate (HR)), priming of aggressive thoughts, and state hostility were also measured to test their possible mediation on the relationship between playing the violent game (VG) and aggression. The participants—148 undergraduate students—were randomly assigned to four treatment conditions: two groups played a violent computer game (Unreal Tournament), and the other two a non‐violent game (Motocross Madness), half with a VR device and the remaining participants on the computer screen. In order to assess the game effects the following instruments were used: a BIOPAC System MP100 to measure HR, an Emotional Stroop task to analyze the priming of aggressive and fear thoughts, a self‐report State Hostility Scale to measure hostility, and a competitive reaction‐time task to assess aggressive behavior. The main results indicated that the violent computer game had effects on state hostility and aggression. Although no significant mediation effect could be detected, regression analyses showed an indirect effect of state hostility between playing a VG and aggression. Aggr. Behav. 34:521–538, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Human Factors Issues in Virtual Environments: A Review of the Literature

Cited by 402 publications

References 80 publications

Vection and cybersickness generated by head-and-display motion in the Oculus Rift

Vection and cybersickness generated by head-and-display motion in the Oculus Rift

Force feedback facilitates multisensory integration during robotic tool use

Are the effects of Unreal violent video games pronounced when playing with a virtual reality system?

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