Human factors evaluations of Free Flight

Ruigrok, R.C.J.

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2007.01.006

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…As a result, its performance in terms of losses of separation is superior compared to a joint-resolution method. In addition it can be noted that other works [16,17] have shown, using the MVP method, that disallowing aircraft from turning into a conflict can help mitigate the number of secondary conflicts. While the SSD method has the lowest number of conflicts, it has the highest number of losses of separation from the four simulated CR methods (see Figure 13).…”

Section: Comparison Of Conflict Resolution Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple works [12][13][14][15] have used waypoint information to improve a single intruder's trajectory prediction. Using both state and intent information in high traffic densities was investigated for civil aviation [16,17], improving overall safety. The previous works showed, additionally, that adopting rules disallowing pilots from turning into a conflict prevents intrusions resulting from sudden aircraft manoeuvres nearby.…”

Section: Trajectory Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Conflict Resolution Methods for Manned and Unmanned Aviation

2020

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Current investigations into urban aerial mobility, as well as the continuing growth of global air transportation, have renewed interest in Conflict Detection and Resolution (CD&R) methods. With the new applications of drones, and the implications of a profoundly different urban airspace, new demands are placed on such algorithms, further spurring new research. This paper presents a review of current CR methods for both manned and unmanned aviation. It presents a taxonomy that categorises algorithms in terms of their approach to avoidance planning, surveillance, control, trajectory propagation, predictability assumption, resolution manoeuvre, multi-actor conflict resolution, considered obstacle types, optimization, and method category. More than a hundred CR methods were considered, showing how most work on a tactical, distributed framework. To enable a reliable comparison between methods, this paper argues that an open and ideally common simulation platform, common test scenarios, and common metrics are required. This paper presents an overview of four CR algorithms, each representing a commonly used CR algorithm category. Both manned and unmanned scenarios were tested, through fast-time simulations on an open-source airspace simulation platform.

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Section: Comparison Of Conflict Resolution Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trajectory Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Conflict Resolution Methods for Manned and Unmanned Aviation

2020

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“…The Rating Scale Mental Effort (RSME) was used to indicate the overall cognitive load during the conceptual design process (De Waard, 1996). The scale has been shown to be a sensitive and reliable indicator of mental effort for pilots (Ruigrok & Hoekstra, 2007) and drivers (De Waard, 1996). The scale translates the perceived amount of mental effort into a numerical value between 0 and 150.…”

Section: Design Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study for Investigating Factors That Affect Cognitive Load in the Conceptual Design Process

Sun

Yao²,

Carretero

2015

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Previous studies have observed that cognitive overload has a negative impact on idea generation. However, the effect of cognitive load on idea generation has not been well studied. As the first step of addressing this issue, the present study is a pilot investigation of the factors that affect cognitive load in the conceptual design process. The factors include task characteristics and subject characteristics, such as the level of task difficulty, the level of expertise, cognitive style, and motivation. The relation between the factors and cognitive load was examined, and suggestions for future work were made. The results are expected to clarify the construct of cognitive load and provide suggestions on managing cognitive load during the conceptual design process.

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“…Using this approach, a concept of operations (ConOps) has been developed for conducting state-based airborne self-separation over the Mediterranean area [6]. For this autonomous Mediterranean free-flight (AMFF) ConOps, in-depth human-in-the-loop simulations have shown [7,8] that pilots are very well able to manage high traffic demands. However, through agent-based modeling and rare-event Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, Blom et al [9] have identified that, in some infrequent cases, the state-based conflict-resolution approach of AMFF asks too much trial and error, by which rare multiaircraft conflicts may pose a too-high safety risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Evaluation of Advanced Self-Separation Under Very High En Route Traffic Demand

Blom

Bakker

2015

Journal of Aerospace Information Systems

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Since the "invention" of free flight, the key question is whether airborne self-separation can safely accommodate very high traffic demand. The aim of this paper is to answer this question for en route airspace. Therefore, an advanced airborne self-separation concept of operation is evaluated on safety risk at very high traffic demands. The advanced airborne self-separation concept of operations considered is of the trajectory-based operation type, in the sense that each aircraft manages a conflict-free four-dimensional trajectory intent and broadcasts this to the other aircraft. Complementary to this trajectory-based operation layer, each aircraft makes use of a short-term conflict detection and resolution layer that aims to resolve any remaining problems, such as significant deviations from fourdimensional intents due to wind prediction errors. Safety risk analysis is conducted using advanced techniques in agent-based modeling and rare-event Monte Carlo simulation. The results obtained show that the advanced selfseparation concept of operations considered has a remarkably good collaboration between the trajectory-based operation and the tactical resolution layers: as a result of which, it can safely accommodate very high en route traffic demands.

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Human factors evaluations of Free Flight

Cited by 25 publications

References 2 publications

Review of Conflict Resolution Methods for Manned and Unmanned Aviation

Review of Conflict Resolution Methods for Manned and Unmanned Aviation

A Pilot Study for Investigating Factors That Affect Cognitive Load in the Conceptual Design Process

Safety Evaluation of Advanced Self-Separation Under Very High En Route Traffic Demand

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