Human exit route choice in virtual crowd evacuations

Bode, Nikolai W. F.; Codling, Edward A.

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.05.025

Cited by 134 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We found that people did not have a strong tendency to follow the simulated crowd. This agrees with the findings from an earlier study where we put participants under pressure to complete a task faster [17]. Evidence from survivors suggests that affiliation and proximity to familiar people and between socially connected people occurs during crowd evacuations [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Similar instructions may be given on entering buildings or people may notice and possibly memorize exit routes on a tour around a building. While previous work investigated the importance of being familiar with one of a choice of exit routes [17,28], to our knowledge the effect of memorized information on the movement decision of evacuees has not been investigated systematically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human responses to multiple sources of directional information in virtual crowd evacuations

Bode

Wagoum

Codling

2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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The evacuation of crowds from buildings or vehicles is one example that highlights the importance of understanding how individual-level interactions and decision-making combine and lead to the overall behaviour of crowds. In particular, to make evacuations safer, we need to understand how individuals make movement decisions in crowds. Here, we present an evacuation experiment with over 500 participants testing individual behaviour in an interactive virtual environment. Participants had to choose between different exit routes under the influence of three different types of directional information: static information (signs), dynamic information (movement of simulated crowd) and memorized information, as well as the combined effect of these different sources of directional information. In contrast to signs, crowd movement and memorized information did not have a significant effect on human exit route choice in isolation. However, when we combined the latter two treatments with additional directly conflicting sources of directional information, for example signs, they showed a clear effect by reducing the number of participants that followed the opposing directional information. This suggests that the signals participants observe more closely in isolation do not simply overrule alternative sources of directional information. Age and gender did not consistently explain differences in behaviour in our experiments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human responses to multiple sources of directional information in virtual crowd evacuations

Bode

Wagoum

Codling

2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…These behaviors are detected through observation by a trained rater. Observation was used also by Bode and Codling (2013) to identify which exit route was followed in an evacuation task with or without stress-inducement; by Gamberini, Cottone, Spagnolli, Varotto, and Mantovani (2003), to identify user's hesitancies after the break of the fire; by Kobes et al (2010aKobes et al ( , 2010b, to identify specific fire safety behaviors (inspection of the escape route, use of fire escape maps and use of the green exit signs in the corridor). Behaviors can also be detected automatically and recorded as they occur.…”

Section: Objective 1: Effectively Inducing An Emergency With a Virtuamentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological response to an emergency in virtual reality: Effects of victim ethnicity and emergency type on helping behavior and navigation

Gamberini

Chittaro

Spagnolli

et al. 2015

Computers in Human Behavior

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“…At the start of simulations, pedestrians are distributed randomly inside the room. All other model details and parameters are given in previous work [1]. Simulation parameters are not fitted to the experimental data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third dataset is obtained from simulations of a previously published model for pedestrian movement [1]. Briefly, pedestrians move in continuous two-dimensional space.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Models for Pedestrian Behaviour in Front of Bottlenecks

Bode

Codling

2016

Traffic and Granular Flow '15

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms Statistical Models for Pedestrian Behaviour in Front of Bottlenecks Nikolai Bode and Edward CodlingAbstract Understanding the movement of human crowds is important for our general understanding of collective behaviour and for applications in building design and event planning. Here, we focus on the flow of a crowd through a narrow bottleneck. We develop statistical models that describe how pedestrian behaviour immediately in front of a bottleneck affects the time lapse between consecutive pedestrians passing through the bottleneck. With this approach we isolate the most important aspects of pedestrian behaviour from a number of candidate models. We fit our models to experimental data and find that pedestrian interactions immediately in front of the bottleneck appear to be less important for the observed time lapses than interactions further away from the bottleneck. Furthermore, we demonstrate how our approach can be used to rigorously compare microscopic pedestrian behaviours across different contexts by fitting the same statistical models to three separate datasets. We suggest that our approach is a promising tool to establish similarities and differences between simulated and real pedestrian behaviour.

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Human exit route choice in virtual crowd evacuations

Cited by 134 publications

References 26 publications

Human responses to multiple sources of directional information in virtual crowd evacuations

Human responses to multiple sources of directional information in virtual crowd evacuations

Psychological response to an emergency in virtual reality: Effects of victim ethnicity and emergency type on helping behavior and navigation

Statistical Models for Pedestrian Behaviour in Front of Bottlenecks

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