Psychological response to an emergency in virtual reality: Effects of victim ethnicity and emergency type on helping behavior and navigation

Gamberini, Luciano; Chittaro, Luca; Spagnolli, Anna; Carlesso, Claudio

doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.040

Cited by 80 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…Time pressure has always been manipulated by setting a situation whether the potential helper is in a hurry or not (Darley & Batson, ; Gamberini, Chittaro, Spagnolli, & Carlesso, ; Kozlov & Johansen, ). For instance, in the seminal experiment conducted by Darley and Batson (), the seminary students in one building were asked to report in another building.…”

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confidence: 99%

Community Identity Increases Urban Residents' In‐group Emergency Helping Intention

Yang

Xin

2016

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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The current study examined how time pressure and community identity affected urban residents' in‐group emergency helping intention with a sample of 88 Chinese urban residents from a common community. Firstly, we instructed participants to fill out the Community Identity Scale. Following this, we set a hypothesized scenario, in which they met a fainted person in community when they left the community either in a hurry or not, to measure helping intention. It was found that time pressure had little impact on urban residents' in‐group helping intention, whereas community identity increased in‐group helping intention. Moreover, emotional identity but not functional identity positively predicted in‐group helping intention. These findings and their implications for community psychology were discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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confidence: 99%

Community Identity Increases Urban Residents' In‐group Emergency Helping Intention

Yang

Xin

2016

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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“…Specifically, participants were more likely to verbally and physically intervene on behalf of a virtual human that appeared to be a member of their in-group than on behalf of one that did not. Similarly, during a virtual fire emergency, Gamberini et al (2015) found that light-skinned participants were less likely to offer help to a darker-skinned virtual human compared to a lighter-skinned virtual human. Participants in this study also reported an increased state anxiety during the simulated fire emergency compared to a control condition.…”

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confidence: 99%

Social Influence on Evacuation Behavior in Real and Virtual Environments

Kinateder

Warren

2016

Front. Robot. AI

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Virtual reality (VR) is a promising tool to study evacuation behavior as it allows experimentally controlled, safe simulation of otherwise dangerous situations. However, validation studies comparing evacuation behavior in real and virtual environments are still scarce. We compare the decision to evacuate in response to a fire alarm in matched physical and virtual environments. One hundred fifty participants were tested individually in a one-trial experiment in one of three conditions. In the Control condition, the fire alarm sounded while the participant performed a bogus perceptual matching task. In the Passive bystander condition, the participant performed the task together with a confederate who ignored the fire alarm. In the Active bystander condition, the confederate left the room when the fire alarm went off. Half of the participants in each condition experienced the scenario in the real laboratory and the other half in a matched virtual environment with a virtual bystander, presented in a head-mounted display. The active bystander group was more likely to evacuate and the passive bystander group less likely to evacuate than the control group. This pattern of social influence was observed in both the real and virtual environments, although the overall response to the virtual alarm was reduced; positive influence of bystanders was comparable, whereas negative influence was weaker in VR. We found no reliable gender effects for the participant or the bystander. These findings extend the social influence to the decision to evacuate, revealing a positive as well as the previous negative social influence. The results support the ecological validity of VR as a research tool to study evacuation behavior in emergency situations, with the caveat that effect sizes may be smaller in VR.

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“…[71][72][73][74] The scope and nature of this interaction is typically limited by the nature and sophistication of the technology available. Computational virtual/immersive environment/serious gaming-Participants are "located" within a virtual space allowing them to actively make decisions in response to the conditions faced, interact with the virtual space and perform actions (either through control of an avatar or through acting directly).…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhancing egress drills: Preparation and assessment of evacuee performance

et al. 2017

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Summary This article explores how egress drills—specifically those related to fire incidents—are currently used, their impact on safety levels, and the insights gained from them. It is suggested that neither the merits of egress drills are well understood, nor the impact on egress performance well characterized. In addition, the manner in which they are conducted varies both between and within regulatory jurisdictions. By investigating their strengths and limitations, this article suggests opportunities for their enhancement possibly through the use of other egress models to support and expand upon the benefits provided. It is by no means suggested that drills are not important to evacuation safety—only that their inconsistent use and the interpretation of the results produced may mean we (as researchers, practitioners, regulators, and stakeholders) are not getting the maximum benefit out of this important tool. © 2017 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Fire and Materials StartCopText© 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Psychological response to an emergency in virtual reality: Effects of victim ethnicity and emergency type on helping behavior and navigation

Cited by 80 publications

References 69 publications

Community Identity Increases Urban Residents' In‐group Emergency Helping Intention

Community Identity Increases Urban Residents' In‐group Emergency Helping Intention

Social Influence on Evacuation Behavior in Real and Virtual Environments

Enhancing egress drills: Preparation and assessment of evacuee performance

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