Human Eastern Equine Encephalitis in Massachusetts: Predictive Indicators From Mosquitoes Collected at 10 Long-Term Trap Sites, 1979–2004

Hachiya, Masahiko; Osborne, Matthew; Stinson, Cynthia; Werner, Barbara G.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.285

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…A recent study used a 25-year weekly data set from Massachusetts to show that human cases of infection with eastern equine encephalitis virus were positively associated with the number of infected Culiseta melanura per trap night and with weekly estimates of mosquito infection with eastern equine encephalitis virus. 21 The study also observed that the MIR reached values ≥ 1.0 at approximately week 31 in years when human cases were reported, contrary to years without human cases. 21 Important thresholds of mosquito infection above which human illness can be expected have been determined for other viruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…21 The study also observed that the MIR reached values ≥ 1.0 at approximately week 31 in years when human cases were reported, contrary to years without human cases. 21 Important thresholds of mosquito infection above which human illness can be expected have been determined for other viruses. For example, in Arizona, an MIR ≥ 4 for WNV from weekly Culex mosquito pools is considered a high level of viral activity and human cases are expected to occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sources of Error in the Estimation of Mosquito Infection Rates Used to Assess Risk of Arbovirus Transmission

Bustamante¹,

Lord²

2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Infection rate is an estimate of the prevalence of arbovirus infection in a mosquito population. It is assumed that when infection rate increases, the risk of arbovirus transmission to humans and animals also increases. We examined some of the factors that can invalidate this assumption. First, we used a model to illustrate how the proportion of mosquitoes capable of virus transmission, or infectious, is not a constant fraction of the number of infected mosquitoes. Thus, infection rate is not always a straightforward indicator of risk. Second, we used a model that simulated the process of mosquito sampling, pooling, and virus testing and found that mosquito infection rates commonly underestimate the prevalence of arbovirus infection in a mosquito population. Infection rate should always be used in conjunction with other surveillance indicators (mosquito population size, age structure, weather) and historical baseline data when assessing the risk of arbovirus transmission.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Sources of Error in the Estimation of Mosquito Infection Rates Used to Assess Risk of Arbovirus Transmission

Bustamante¹,

Lord²

2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Forested wetlands include habitats for mosquito vectors of disease. For example Hachiya et al (2007) noted that the areas sampled for the Eastern Equine Encephalitis vector (Culiseta melanura (Coquillett)) were in forested wetlands. Eastern Equine Encephalitis can also infect humans.…”

Section: Freshwater Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wetlands and mosquitoes: a review

Dale

Knight

2008

Wetlands Ecol Manage

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This review brings together information on mosquitoes, the diseases they transmit and the wetlands that provide habitats for the immature stages (eggs and larvae). Wetland values are mentioned, though the main literature on this does not generally overlap the mosquito issue. Mosquito management is overviewed to include: the use of larvicides, source reduction in intertidal wetlands and management in freshwater systems. There is not a great deal of information on mosquitoes and freshwater systems, except for constructed wetlands and they are considered separately. We then consider restoration mainly in the context of wetlands that have been the subject of habitat modification for mosquito control. Land use and climate change, as they affect mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit, are also reviewed, as this will affect wetlands via management activities. Finally the review addresses the critical issue of balancing health, both human and environmental, in an adaptive framework. It concludes that there is a need to ensure that both mosquito and wetland management communicate and integrate to sustain wetland and human health.

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“…Reasons for these patterns are unknown but likely depend on viral pathogenesis, human behavior, weather, and variations in the abundance and distribution of vectors and zoonotic hosts. [44][45][46][47][48][49] There are no specific treatments for arboviral infections; clinical management is supportive. Diagnosis is usually confirmed by measuring virus-specific immunoglobulin M antibody in serum or cerebrospinal fluid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinvasive Arboviral Disease in the United States: 2003 to 2012

2014

PEDIATRICS

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METHODS-We reviewed data reported by state health departments to ArboNET, the national arboviral surveillance system, for 2003 through 2012. Children (<18 years) with neuroinvasive arboviral infections (eg, meningitis, encephalitis, or acute flaccid paralysis) were included. Demographic, clinical syndrome, outcome, geographic, and temporal data were analyzed for all cases.RESULTS-During the study period, 1217 cases and 22 deaths due to pediatric neuroinvasive arboviral infection were reported from the 48 contiguous states. La Crosse virus (665 cases; 55%) and West Nile virus (505 cases; 41%) were the most common etiologies identified. Although less common, Eastern equine encephalitis virus (30 cases; 2%) resulted in 10 pediatric deaths. La Crosse virus primarily affected younger children, whereas West Nile virus was more common in older children and adolescents. West Nile virus disease cases occurred throughout the country, whereas La Crosse and the other arboviruses were more focally distributed.CONCLUSIONS-Neuroinvasive arboviral infections were an important cause of pediatric disease from 2003 through 2012. Differences in the epidemiology and clinical disease result from complex interactions among virus, vector, host, and the environment. Decreasing the morbidity and mortality from these agents depends on vector control, personal protection to reduce mosquito and tick bites, and blood donor screening. Effective surveillance is critical to inform clinicians and

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Human Eastern Equine Encephalitis in Massachusetts: Predictive Indicators From Mosquitoes Collected at 10 Long-Term Trap Sites, 1979–2004

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Sources of Error in the Estimation of Mosquito Infection Rates Used to Assess Risk of Arbovirus Transmission

Sources of Error in the Estimation of Mosquito Infection Rates Used to Assess Risk of Arbovirus Transmission

Wetlands and mosquitoes: a review

Neuroinvasive Arboviral Disease in the United States: 2003 to 2012

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