Human dirofilariosis: The report of subcutaneous Dirofilaria repens infection in the Slovak Republic

Nováková, Elena; Kinčeková, J.; Adamicová, Katarína; Kompaníková, Jana; Svihrova, Viera; Šimeková, Katarína; Krause, John R.; Pavlinová, J.

doi:10.2478/s11687-011-0003-9

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Canine dirofilariosis was also confirmed in neighbouring countries. In the second case (described by Ondriska et al, 2010) an intact worm of D. repens was isolated from a nodule on the forearm, whereas diagnosis of the first (Babál et al, 2008) and the third (Nováková et al, 2011) human cases was based on histological examination of excised tissues containing a worm. Shortly after detecting D. repens in dogs in Slovakia, the first autochthonous human case of subcutaneous infection was recorded by Babál et al (2008) in the same territory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Slovakia, three human cases of D. repens have been recorded so far, and in the present paper we report a fourth case. In the second case (described by Ondriska et al , 2010) an intact worm of D. repens was isolated from a nodule on the forearm, whereas diagnosis of the first (Babál et al , 2008) and the third (Nováková et al , 2011) human cases was based on histological examination of excised tissues containing a worm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histological and molecular confirmation of the fourth human case caused by Dirofilaria repens in a new endemic region of Slovakia

Hrčková

Kuchtová²,

Miterpáková

et al. 2012

J. Helminthol.

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Dirofilariosis is considered to be the arthropod vector-borne disease with the fastest spread in Europe. Slovakia belongs to new endemic regions for canine and human infections. This paper reports the fourth human case, where diagnosis was confirmed using computed tomography (CT), histological and molecular examinations - for the first time in this endemic region. The epidemiological history of this case indicated the autochthonous origin, and infection manifested by intense swelling in the periocular region, where a subcutaneous nodule was localized. Microscopic analysis of cross-sections of the surgically removed nodule confirmed the presence of a single male worm of Dirofilaria repens, indicated by the external cuticular ridges, the robust muscle cells and a single male sex organ seen as one tube beside the intestine. Considering that the worm morphology was partially damaged, molecular study was performed using DNA isolated from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections of the worm. In polymerase chain reactions (PCR) a set of primers specific for D. repens DNA for the CO1-encoding gene amplified the expected 246 bp product using a high concentration of DNA template. Our diagnostic approach, involving molecular techniques, showed that identification of D. repens from excised tissues is possible even when the morphology of the worm and DNA are damaged during tissue processing. It is expected that the spread of this disease will continue due to climatic changes in central Europe. This warrants higher awareness among clinicians, who will initially be approached by patients, and better co-operation with parasitologists in newly endemic countries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological and molecular confirmation of the fourth human case caused by Dirofilaria repens in a new endemic region of Slovakia

Hrčková

Kuchtová²,

Miterpáková

et al. 2012

J. Helminthol.

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“…The first diagnosed autochthonous canine dirofilariosis in Slovakia was caused by D. repens in 2005 (Svobodová et al, 2005), and in 2007 the first case of human subcutaneous dirofilariosis was identified in the patient from western Slovakia, who has never travelled abroad (Babál et al, 2008). Since the year 2007, 4 cases of human subcutaneous dirofilariosis caused by D. repens in Slovakia have been reported in total (Babál et al, 2008;Ondriska et al, 2010;Nováková et al, 2011;Hrčková et al, 2013). In Europe, the higher number of cases represented subcutaneous form, where cysts were frequently localized on head and around the eyes in comparison with the ocular form, when parasite was found in subconjuntival space of eye.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human ocular dirofilariosis in Slovakia, a case report

Ondriska¹,

Forgáč

Hrčková

et al. 2014

Helminthologia

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246 SummaryA case of the human ocular dirofilariosis in 72-year-old man from southern Slovakia is documented. Two days before visiting a doctor he noticed a live worm in his right eye. The eye was inflamed and itching. The worm of 100 mm in length was isolated from the subconjunctival space. On the basis of morphological appearance, histological examination and PCR-based detection, it was identified as Dirofilaria repens. The patient was probably infected in the southern Slovakia, which is an enzootic area of dirofilariosis of dogs.

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Canine dirofilariosis endemic in Central Europe—10 years of epidemiological study in Slovakia

et al. 2016

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The study presents the comprehensive results of a detailed epidemiological study on canine dirofilariosis in Slovakia, Central Europe. More than 4000 dogs were investigated, and several epidemiological factors were considered. The mean prevalence in individual regions ranged from 2.0 % in northern Slovakia to more than 25.0 % in the south-western part of the country, with the nematode Dirofilaria repens confirmed as the dominant causative agent. Canine dirofilariosis occurred more often in animals more than 3 years old and in dogs of large and giant breed sizes. Short-haired animals were infected more often than dogs with a long coat. Also, the infection was significantly more prevalent in animals kept in rural areas in comparison with urban environments.Counts of microfilariae (mf) in peripheral blood reached their highest levels in May and August and corresponded to activity peaks and population maximums of potential vectors, the mosquito species Aedes vexans and Culex pipiens, the two most prevalent species in Slovakia. Moreover, two dogs naturally infested with D. repens were included in the experiment in order to monitor daily microfilarial periodicity. This fluctuation showed the same tendency in both animals, with a peak of circulating mf recorded at 4 a.m. and minimal mf counts at 4 p.m.

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Human dirofilariosis: The report of subcutaneous Dirofilaria repens infection in the Slovak Republic

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Histological and molecular confirmation of the fourth human case caused by Dirofilaria repens in a new endemic region of Slovakia

Histological and molecular confirmation of the fourth human case caused by Dirofilaria repens in a new endemic region of Slovakia

Human ocular dirofilariosis in Slovakia, a case report

Canine dirofilariosis endemic in Central Europe—10 years of epidemiological study in Slovakia

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