Human dental pulp stem cells differentiation to neural cells, osteocytes and adipocytes-An in vitro study

Abstract

Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are promising source of cells for numerous and varied regenerative medicine applications as those possess high proliferation potential with multilineage differentiation capacity compare to other sources of adult stem cells; therefore, hDPSCs could be the good source for autologous transplantation in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study stem cells were isolated from dental pulp and were characterised by flowcytometry and immunocytochemistry. The controlled cells as well as, 7-day cultured cells were positive for transcription factors, OCT 4 and SOX 2 thatconfirmed isolated cellsasmesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells showed positive expression for CD 19, CD 73, CD 90, CD 105 and are negative for CD 34, CD 45. Viability of hDPSCS were studied by trypan blue (TB) staining and fluorescent microscopic study. After 7 days of passaging by using several growth factors, cells express neural cell markers oligodendrocyte and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Specifically, osteocytes were grown from dental pulp MSCSsin vitro with the help of growth factors, dexamethasone, ascorbic acid-2-phosphate and β-glycerophosphate whereas, adipocytes were grown with indomethacin, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and insulin. Osteocytes and adipocytes were characterized by von Kossa and Oil red O staining, respectively. Chromosomal analysis of dental pulp-MSCs was done for qualitative assessment of MSCs. Karyotyping indicated diploid chromosome number in dental pulp derived MSCs. In vitro grown osteocytes could be used for bone fracture reunion cases, and adipocytes could be used for further research purposes.

MiR-148a-3p Regulates the Invasion and Odontoblastic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells via the Wnt1/β-Catenin Pathway

“…Loss of pulp will reduce blood vessels and nerves, nutrition of the teeth and stress sensing ability. Moreover, teeth losing protection from immune system will increase dentin fragility and tooth fracture ( 5 , 6 ). Therefore, new strategies should be developed to regenerate the original tissues and restore the dental pulp properties.…”

“…Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), a type of fibroblast and derived from mesenchymal tissue, are regarded to be ideal seed cells for the therapy of pulp regeneration owing to their multidirectional differentiation potential ( 7 , 8 ). hDPSCs could differentiate into osteoblasts, nerve cells, adipocytes, and odontoblasts with great ability to proliferate and differentiate ( 3 , 6 , 9 , 10 ). However, the regulatory mechanism of hDPSCs differentiation is still unclear and needs more exploration, which limits the clinical application of hDPSCs.…”

Alginate/Pluronic F127-based encapsulation supports viability and functionality of human dental pulp stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells

“…Furthermore, the advantages of hDPSC have been reported by several investigators i.e. the multilineage differentiation potential, the capacity for autologous and allogenic transplantation [16], the abundance in source and less ethical issue both in research and clinical translation [17].…”

Multidifferentiation potential of dental-derived stem cells

“…Also, DPSCs seeded in aligned polyglycolic acid fiber scaffolds can promote the expression of tendon-related markers under mechanical stimulation and form mature tendon-like tissue in a mouse model[ 22 ]. As neural crest-derived cells, DPSCs can be induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells with the use of growth factors, including basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor, which are preferable to the chemical-induction method[ 23 - 25 ]. DPSCs transplanted into a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion, peripheral nerve injuries and retinal injury expressed related neuronal markers[ 26 - 28 ].…”