Multidifferentiation potential of dental-derived stem cells

Abstract

Tooth-related diseases and tooth loss are widespread and are a major public health issue. The loss of teeth can affect chewing, speech, appearance and even psychology. Therefore, the science of tooth regeneration has emerged, and attention has focused on tooth regeneration based on the principles of tooth development and stem cells combined with tissue engineering technology. As undifferentiated stem cells in normal tooth tissues, dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs), which are a desirable source of autologous stem cells, play a significant role in tooth regeneration. Researchers hope to reconstruct the complete tooth tissues with normal functions and vascularization by utilizing the odontogenic differentiation potential of DMSCs. Moreover, DMSCs also have the ability to differentiate towards cells of other tissue types due to their multipotency. This review focuses on the multipotential capacity of DMSCs to differentiate into various tissues, such as bone, cartilage, tendon, vessels, neural tissues, muscle-like tissues, hepatic-like tissues, eye tissues and glands and the influence of various regulatory factors, such as non-coding RNAs, signaling pathways, inflammation, aging and exosomes, on the odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of DMSCs in tooth regeneration. The application of DMSCs in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering will be improved if the differentiation characteristics of DMSCs can be fully utilized, and the factors that regulate their differentiation can be well controlled.

6-Bromoindirubin-3′-Oxime Regulates Colony Formation, Apoptosis, and Odonto/Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells

“…It was reported that BIO promoted the proliferation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) [ 40 ], rat marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells [ 41 ], and rat cardiomyocytes [ 42 ]. In contrast, other studies demonstrated that BIO decreased cell proliferation in stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth [ 40 ], hDPSCs [ 43 ], ovarian cancer cells [ 44 ], a mouse myoblast cell line [ 45 ], canine BMSCs [ 46 ], and canine melanoma cell lines [ 47 ]. Similarly, the effect of Wnt on cell migration remains controversial.…”

Understanding exosomes: Part 2—Emerging leaders in regenerative medicine

“…A number of systematic reviews have now investigated the use of exosomes for the treatment of various dental tissues. [1050][1051][1052][1053][1054][1055][1056][1057][1058][1059][1060] In fact, part 3 of this 3-part series is dedicated entirely to the use of exosomes in dentistry. In that systematic review, a total of 944 articles were identified using exosomes in the dental field for either their regenerative/therapeutic potential or for diagnostic purposes derived from salivary exosomes.…”

Effects of tenascin-C on dental pulp tissue in micein vivoand on the proliferation and differentiation of dental pulp stem cells into odontoblasts and calcificationin vitro

“…Regenerative medicine using stem cells is currently attracting increased attention [9,10], but there are many challenges in the clinical applications of totipotent and pluripotent stem cells [11,12,13]. DPSCs are attracting special attention for their potential applications in regenerative medicine due to their easy accessibility and broad capacity for differentiation [14][15][16][17]. Currently, several treatment modalities exist that take advantage of the ability of DPSCs to differentiate into odontoblasts, including direct pulp capping, pulpotomy and indirect pulp capping [18,19,20].…”