Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Osmolality at 37° C

Goldberg, Norma Boone; Sawinski, Vincent J.; Goldberg, Allen Fred

doi:10.1097/00000542-196511000-00021

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This would provide a higher osmolality in CSF than in serum. However, both our results and older studies provide a lower CSF osmolality than the reference values for plasma osmolality [ 29 ]. Thus it should be taken into consideration that CSF osmolality might be lower than plasma osmolality.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

“…Based on our results, the mean osmolality in both patients and controls in the present study represents normal CSF osmolality. In a study from 1965 of 50 healthy patients undergoing elective surgery, a reference value of 281 miliosmoles was determined using a Vapor Pressure Osmometer (Mechrolab 301) [ 29 ]. In the present study, we provide a mean osmolality of 270 mmol/kg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Osmolality of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH)

et al. 2016

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IntroductionIdiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of increased intracranial fluid pressure (ICP) of unknown etiology. This study aims to investigate osmolality of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with IIH.MethodsWe prospectively collected CSF from individuals referred on suspicion of IIH from 2011–2013. Subjects included as patients fulfilled Friedman and Jacobson’s diagnostic criteria for IIH. Individuals in whom intracranial hypertension was refuted were included as controls. Lumbar puncture with ICP measurement was performed at inclusion and repeated for patients after three months of treatment. Osmolality was measured with a Vapor Pressure Osmometer.ResultsWe collected 90 CSF samples from 38 newly diagnosed patients and 28 controls. At baseline 27 IIH-samples and at 3 months follow-up 35 IIH-samples were collected from patients. We found no significant differences in osmolality between 1) patients at baseline and controls (p = 0. 86), 2) patients at baseline and after 3 months treatment (p = 0.97), and 3) patients with normalized pressure after 3 months and their baseline values (p = 0.79). Osmolality in individuals with normal ICP from 6–25 cmH2O (n = 41) did not differ significantly from patients with moderately elevated ICP from 26–45 cmH2O (n = 21) (p = 0.86) and patients with high ICP from 46–70 cmH2O (n = 4) (p = 0.32), respectively. There was no correlation between osmolality and ICP, BMI, age and body height, respectively. Mean CSF osmolality was 270 mmol/kg (± 1 SE, 95% confidence interval 267–272) for both patients and controls.ConclusionsCSF osmolality was normal in patients with IIH, and there was no relation to treatment, ICP, BMI, age and body height. Mean CSF osmolality was 270 mmol/kg and constitutes a reference for future studies. Changes in CSF osmolality are not responsible for development of IIH. Other underlying pathophysiological mechanisms must be searched.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmolality of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH)

et al. 2016

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“…By contrast, human CSF values average closer to 260 mOsm/l 32,33 ; around 15% lower. Arti cial cerebrospinal uid recipes, which are largely developed for electrophysiological work and optimised to produce "healthy" action potentials in neurons (not to produce an environment in which brain tissue has stable mechanical properties), call for an osmolality of 280-338 mOsm/l depending on protocol and species 26,27,34 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Acute brain slice elastic modulus decreases over time

Exton

Higgins

Chen

2023

Preprint

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A common benchmark in the brain tissue mechanics literature is that the properties of acute brain slices should be measured within 8 hours of the experimental animal being sacrificed. The core assumption is that — since there is no substantial protein degradation during this time — there will be no change to elastic modulus. This assumption overlooks the possibility of other effects (such as osmotic swelling) that may influence the mechanical properties of the tissue. To achieve consistent and accurate analysis of brain mechanics, it is important to account for or mitigate these effects. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), tissue hydration and volume measurements, we find that acute brain slices in oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) with a standard osmolarity of 300 mOsm/l experience rapid swelling, softening, and increases in hydration within the first two hours after slicing. Reductions in elastic modulus can be partly mitigated by addition of chondroitinase ABC enzyme (CABC). Increasing aCSF osmolarity to 400 mOsm/l does not prevent softening but may hasten equilibration of samples to a point where measurements of relative elastic modulus are consistent across experiments.

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“…CSF may have an osmolality slightly higher than blood (Goldberg et al 1965; Davson and Segal 1996), which has been proposed to drive osmotic movement of water towards the CSF (Damkier et al 2013). The relative contribution of the paracellular vs. transcellular pathways to CSF secretion is still undefined.…”

Section: Variations In the Organization Of Organ-blood Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directional Fluid Transport across Organ–Blood Barriers: Physiology and Cell Biology

Caceres

Benedicto

Lehmann

et al. 2016

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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Directional fluid flow is an essential process for embryo development as well as for organ and organism homeostasis. Here, we review the diverse structure of various organ-blood barriers, the driving forces, transporters and polarity mechanisms that regulate fluid transport across them, focusing on kidney-, eye- and brain-blood barriers. We end by discussing how cross-talk between barrier epithelial and endothelial cells, perivascular cells and basement membrane signaling contribute to generate and maintain organ-blood barriers.

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Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Osmolality at 37° C

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Osmolality of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH)

Osmolality of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH)

Acute brain slice elastic modulus decreases over time

Directional Fluid Transport across Organ–Blood Barriers: Physiology and Cell Biology

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