Human cardiorespiratory responses to acute cold exposure

Hanna, John; Hill, Paul; Sinclair, John

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1975.tb03028.x

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A reduction in exercise economy/efficiency may be partly responsible for a decline in aerobic performance in cold environments. Multiple studies have shown that running at the same speed or cycling at the same external workload elicits a higher VO 2 in the cold, compared to temperate or hot environments (44,47,94,117,175,176,186,205), although this is not universal (135,198,204). In the studies cited earlier that showed differences, this reduction in economy/efficiency occurred even though deep body temperature, well known to increase VO 2 , was not lower among the different ambient temperatures studied.…”

Section: Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 57%

Cold Stress Effects on Exposure Tolerance and Exercise Performance

Castellani

Tipton

2015

Comprehensive Physiology

112

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cold weather can have deleterious effects on health, tolerance, and performance. This paper will review the physiological responses and external factors that impact cold tolerance and physical performance. Tolerance is defined as the ability to withstand cold stress with minimal changes in physiological strain. Physiological and pathophysiological responses to short-term (cold shock) and long-term cold water and air exposure are presented. Factors (habituation, anthropometry, sex, race, and fitness) that influence cold tolerance are also reviewed. The impact of cold exposure on physical performance, especially aerobic performance, has not been thoroughly studied. The few studies that have been done suggest that aerobic performance is degraded in cold environments. Potential physiological mechanisms (decreases in deep body and muscle temperature, cardiovascular, and metabolism) are discussed. Likewise, strength and power are also degraded during cold exposure, primarily through a decline in muscle temperature. The review also discusses the concept of thermoregulatory fatigue, a reduction in the thermal effector responses of shivering and vasoconstriction, as a result of multistressor factors, including exhaustive exercise.

show abstract

Section: Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 57%

Cold Stress Effects on Exposure Tolerance and Exercise Performance

Castellani

Tipton

2015

Comprehensive Physiology

112

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…During the 19°C trial, however, the magnitude of CV drift was greater than that demonstrated in the 0°C trial, with significantly greater HR for a considerable period of the 19°C trial. During the 0°C trial, a peripheral vasoconstriction, stimulated in an effort to conserve heat, may have led to the maintenance of central blood volume during exercise (8). Additionally, during the 0°C trial, it is likely that the rate of fluid loss through sweat production was diminished in comparison with the 19°C trial as evidenced by the greater loss of body mass during the 19°C trial (2.3% vs 1.1%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

The Impact of Prolonged Exercise in a Cold Environment upon Cardiac Function

Shave¹,

Dawson²,

Whyte³

et al. 2004

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This suggests an increase in both cardiac output and peripheral resistance which has been shown to occur in healthy volunteers both during acute (Keatinge et al, 1964) and long-term exposure to cold (Hanna et al, 1975). In patients with angina pectoris, and in healthy controls, cold has been found to increase peripheral resistance and blood pressure at rest (Neill et al, 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Angina in cold environment. Reactions to exercise.

Lassvik¹,

Areskog²

1979

Heart

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Seventeen male patients with angina pectoris, and a history of increased severity of angina in the cold, performed submaximal bicycle exercise tests in a normal (20°C) and a cold environment (-10°C, 2-2 m/s wind velocity) wearing standardised clothing. Observations were made during and after serial short-term exercise periods each starting at 50 W, with continuous load increase of 10 to 30 W per minute, separated by 30-minute rest intervals.In the group as a whole, maximal work load decreased by 7 per cent during exposure to cold. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and rate-pressure product were significantly higher during submaximal exercise in the cold, but at maximal work load there was no difference in heart rate, rate-pressure product, or magnitude of ST segment depression. The decrease in maximal work load exceeded 5 per cent (mean 11%) in 10 patients, who were described as cold-susceptible, while the decrease averaged 1 per cent in the seven non-susceptible patients. The cold-induced reduction in maximal work load showed a significant correlation with the increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and rate-pressure product during submaximal exercise.After exercise, heart rate was significantly lower and blood pressure and rate-pressure product significantly higher in the cold than at normal temperature in all patients. In cold-susceptible patients, blood pressure was significantly higher at two and four minutes after exercise, and rate-pressure product at two minutes after exercise, than in non-susceptible patients, but in spite of this angina disappeared more quickly in cold-susceptible patients.In conclusion, subjective cold intolerance was objectively demonstrated in 10 out of 17 patients with angina pectoris, by exercise in a room at -10°C. Susceptibility to cold was explained by a higher heart rate and blood pressure during exercise in the cold room, than during exercise in the room at normal temperature.Patients with angina pectoris often experience a worsening of their symptoms in cold weather. The physiological explanation of this has been said to be the earlier appearance of myocardial oxygen deficit during exercise in the cold, which may be caused by increased work done by the heart (Epstein et al., 1969), by nervous reflexes to the heart causing coronary vasoconstriction (Freedberg er al., 1944;Mudge et al., 1976), by release of sympatheticoadrenal hormones (Wilkerson et al., 1974), or by cooling of the blood in the heart chambers and coronary arteries (Leon et al., 1970 low exercise tolerance are most affected, because of a relatively greater decrease in work performance. This conclusion was based on studies at rest, and there has been no study of the effects of cold on angina during exercise. We therefore studied the effects of exposure to cold on effort angina during standardised conditions, in order to see whether cold intolerance could be explained by changes which could be measured non-invasively. SubjectsA questionnaire about the relation of their symptoms to cold was given to 50...

show abstract

Human cardiorespiratory responses to acute cold exposure

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Cold Stress Effects on Exposure Tolerance and Exercise Performance

Cold Stress Effects on Exposure Tolerance and Exercise Performance

The Impact of Prolonged Exercise in a Cold Environment upon Cardiac Function

Angina in cold environment. Reactions to exercise.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About