Human capital and structural transformation: Quasi-experimental evidence from Indonesia

Abstract

The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), established in 1975, provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition. IFPRI's strategic research aims to foster a climate-resilient and sustainable food supply; promote healthy diets and nutrition for all; build inclusive and efficient markets, trade systems, and food industries; transform agricultural and rural economies; and strengthen institutions and governance. Gender is integrated in all the Institute's work. Partnerships, communications, capacity strengthening, and data and knowledge management are essential components to translate IFPRI's research from action to impact. The Institute's regional and country programs play a critical role in responding to demand for food policy research and in delivering holistic support for country-led development. IFPRI collaborates with partners around the world.

Long‐term health effects of a school construction program

“…A potential empirical issue is spillover effects, such that people benefit from new primary schools in adjacent districts. We argue that this is unlikely, given that the median distance between centroids of neighboring districts is 53 km (Karachiwalla & Palloni, 2019). Moreover, there were few residential areas close to district borders.…”

“…Previous studies also suggest that the SD INPRES has led to higher earnings (Duflo, 2001(Duflo, , 2004Pettersson, 2012), potentially due to the shift toward more formal employment and to the non-agricultural sector (Akresh et al, 2021;Karachiwalla & Palloni, 2019). Subsequently, the program is also found to improve living standards as measured by higher per capita expenditure on food and better housing characteristics, particularly among women (Akresh et al, 2021;Mazumder et al, 2021).…”

“…Our findings contribute new evidence on the effects of education on chronic disease risk factors in low-resource settings. It also adds to the broader literature that has explored the effect of the Indonesian school expansion program on other outcomes, such as labor market outcomes (Duflo, 2001;Karachiwalla & Palloni, 2019;Pettersson, 2012), marriage market (Akresh et al, 2021;Mazumder et al, 2021;Zha, 2019), living standards and intergenerational impacts (Akresh et al, 2021;Mazumder et al, 2019Mazumder et al, , 2021, religious education and ideology (Bazzi et al, 2020), and economic preferences (Jung et al, 2021). The clos est study to ours is Mazumder et al (2021) who analyze the long-term and intergenerational effects of SD INPRES.…”