The Challenge: The unimpeded growth of greenhouse gas emissions is raising the earth's temperature. The consequences include melting glaciers, more precipitation, more and more extreme weather events, and shifting seasons. The accelerating pace of climate change, combined with global population and income growth, threatens food security everywhere. Agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change. Higher temperatures eventually reduce yields of desirable crops while encouraging weed and pest proliferation. Changes in precipitation patterns increase the likelihood of short-run crop failures and long-run production declines. Although there will be gains in some crops in some regions of the world, the overall impacts of climate change on agriculture are expected to be negative, threatening global food security. Populations in the developing world, which are already vulnerable and food insecure, are likely to be the most seriously affected. In 2005, nearly half of the economically active population in developing countries-2.5 billion people- relied on agriculture for its livelihood. Today, 75 percent of the world's poor live in rural areas. This Food Policy Report presents research results that quantify the climate-change impacts mentioned above, assesses the consequences for food security, and estimates the investments that would offset the negative consequences for human well-being. This analysis brings together, for the first time, detailed modeling of crop growth under climate change with insights from an extremely detailed global agriculture model, using two climate scenarios to simulate future climate.Policy ReportPRIFPRI1EPT

The 2016 Global Nutrition Report is an authoritative source of action-oriented nutrition knowledge that transcends politics and guides the SUN Movement in its quest to make nutrition a priority. This report continues to push the boundaries beyond previous editions-with an optimistic message that when we work together, our collective impact can achieve the changes needed to sustainably transform lives, communities, and the future. Eradicating malnutrition requires perseverance from all of us, and the report gives us our backbone and resolve. It also ensures that we hold each other accountable and learn from each other's successes and failures. The Global Nutrition Report emphasizes the challenges posed by the multiple forms of malnutrition. It also signals the enormous importance of investing in the critical 1,000-day window so that every girl and boy can lead a happy, healthy, and productive life. Investing in nutrition is our collective legacy for a sustainable world in 2030. TOM ARNOLD AD INTERIM SUN MOVEMENT COORDINATOR GERDA VERBURG FORTHCOMING SUN MOVEMENT COORDINATORThe Global Nutrition Report confirms the urgency of collective action to combat malnutrition's cascading impact on people, communities, and whole societies. The simple truth is we cannot secure sustainable development until we address the persistent food and nutrition challenges undermining opportunities for our planet's poorest and most vulnerable people. Moving from theory to action requires giving specific attention to those people left furthest behind, enduring persistent crisis and the effects of climate change. This report confirms that committing to SMART action is the primary way to achieve change for the people who need it most.

1975 to identify and analyze alternative national and international strategies and policies for meeting food needs of the developing world on a sustainable basis, with particular emphasis on low-income countries and on the poorer groups in those countries. While the research effort is geared to the precise objective of contributing to the reduction of hunger and malnutrition, the factors involved are many and wide-ranging, requiring analysis of underlying processes and extending beyond a narrowly defined food sector. The Institute's research program reflects worldwide collaboration with governments and private and public institutions interested in increasing food production and improving the equity of its distribution. Research results are disseminated to policymakers, opinion formers, administrators, policy analysts, researchers, and others concerned with national and international food and agricultural policy.

Tables, Figures, and Boxes Tables 2.1 Area under no-till, by continent 8 3.1 Summary of technologies simulated in DSSAT and IMPACT 36 3.2 Targeted PAWs for wheat, maize, and rice 44 3.3 Ceilings of technology adoption pathways (%) 49 4.1 Effect of climate change on average maize, rice, and wheat yields, based on process-based models (DSSAT), between 2010 and 2050 (%) 57 5.1 Change in global prices of maize, rice, and wheat, between 2010 and 2050 (%) 89 5.2 Change in production, yields, and harvested area, IMPACT baseline, MIROC A1B and CSIRO A1B scenarios, selected regions, between 2010 and 2050 (%) 90 5.3 Change in hunger indicators, IMPACT baseline, selected regions, between 2010 and 2050 (%) 90 5.4 Change in world prices of wheat, rice, and maize compared to the baseline scenario, by technology, 2050 (%) 92 5.5 Change in per capita kilocalorie availability compared to the baseline scenario, by technology, 2050 (%) 100 5.6 Effects of stacked technologies on world prices of maize, rice, and wheat, compared to the baseline scenario, 2050 (%) 104 5.7 Effects of stacked technologies on global food security compared to the baseline scenario, 2050 106 Figures 3.1 Modeling system for estimation of impacts of agricultural technologies 3.2 Aggregated average organic-to-conventional crop yield ratios (OCRs) 40 4.1 Global yield impacts compared to the baseline scenario, by crop, MIROC A1B and CSIRO A1B scenarios, 2050 (%) 4.2 Global map of yield impacts for rainfed maize, heattolerant varieties, compared to baseline scenario, MIROC A1B scenario, 2050 (%) 4.3 Global map of yield impacts for rainfed maize, no-till, compared to the baseline scenario, MIROC A1B scenario, 2050 (%) 4.4 Global map of yield impacts for irrigated rice, nitrogenuse efficiency, compared to the baseline scenario, MIROC A1B scenario, 2050 (%) 60 4.5 Global yield impacts compared to the baseline scenario, by crop and cropping system, MIROC A1B scenario, 2050 (%) 61 4.6 Global yield impacts compared to the baseline scenario, by crop and cropping system, combined technologies, MIROC A1B and CSIRO A1B scenarios, 2050 (%) Box 1A Drought impact maps for maize, baseline scenario, year 2000 Box 1B Drought impact maps for maize, CSIRO A1B scenario, year 2050 Box 1C Drought impact maps for maize, MIROC A1B scenario, year 2050 Box 2 Ex ante yield benefits of drought tolerance compared to the original variety under three climate scenarios for China and the United States viii Box 3 Growing season precipitation by drought intensity compared to the baseline scenario for maize in China and the United States, 2050 (mm) 4.7 Regional yield impacts compared to the baseline scenario, by crop and cropping system, no-till, MIROC A1B and CSIRO A1B scenarios, 2050 (%) 71 4.8 Regional yield impacts compared to the baseline scenario, by crop and cropping system, integrated soil fertility management, MIROC A1B and CSIRO A1B scenarios, 2050 (%) 4.9 Regional yield impacts compared to the baseline scenario, by crop and cropping system, precision agriculture, MIROC A1B and CSIRO A1B...

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a CGIAR research center established in 1975, provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition. IFPRI's strategic research aims to foster a climate-resilient and sustainable food supply; promote healthy diets and nutrition for all; build inclusive and efficient markets, trade systems, and food industries; transform agricultural and rural economies; and strengthen institutions and governance. Gender is integrated in all the Institute's work. Partnerships, communications, capacity strengthening, and data and knowledge management are essential components to translate IFPRI's research from action to impact. The Institute's regional and country programs play a critical role in responding to demand for food policy research and in delivering holistic support for country-led development.IFPRI collaborates with partners around the world. www.ifpri.org About CGIARCGIAR is a global research partnership for a food-secure future. CGIAR science is dedicated to reducing poverty, enhancing food and nutrition security, and improving natural resources and ecosystem services. Its research is carried out by 15 CGIAR Centers in close collaboration with hundreds of partners, including national and regional research institutes, civil society organizations, academia, development organizations, and the private sector.

established in 1975, provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition. The Institute conducts research, communicates results, optimizes partnerships, and builds capacity to ensure sustainable food production, promote healthy food systems, improve markets and trade, transform agriculture, build resilience, and strengthen institutions and governance. Gender is considered in all of the Institute's work. IFPRI collaborates with partners around the world, including development implementers, public institutions, the private sector, and farmers' organizations.

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