Human Adipose Tissue–Derived Adult Stem Cells Can Lead to Multiorgan Engraftment

Fang, Baijun; Li, Y.; Song, Yongping; Li, N.; Wei, Xing; Lin, Quande; Zhao, Robert Chunhua

doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.01.058

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Similar questions have been raised for BM MSCs, despite their ability to home from the BM to various extramedullary mesenchymal tissues ( 69,73 ). ASCs isolated ex vivo can also engraft into multiple extramedullary tissues after host injection ( 248,249 ); however, whether this is also true for ASCs within WAT remains unknown. It would be far more informative to transplant whole fat pads from luciferase-expressing mice to WT recipients, followed by analysis of luciferase activity in nonadipose tissues.…”

Section: Broader Questionsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Adipose tissue stem cells meet preadipocyte commitment: going back to the future

Cawthorn

Scheller

MacDougald

2012

Journal of Lipid Research

366

323

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with ill health. Such stigmatization distracts from a fascinating aspect of WAT biology: its enormous plasticity as an organ. Indeed, WAT is capable of massive expansion and contraction in response to chronic alterations in energy balance, accounting for as little as 5% body mass in extremely lean athletes ( 1 ) or as much as 60% body mass in morbidly obese individuals ( 2 ). Moreover in rodents, rabbits, and humans, WAT can regenerate following lipectomy ( 3-6 ). This striking degree of plasticity is unique among organs in adults. On a cellular level, WAT expansion is driven by both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes ( 7-13 ). Even in nonexpanding WAT, adipocytes renew frequently to compensate for adipocyte death, with approximately 10% of adipocytes renewed annually ( 14,15 ). These data, which indicate that committed adipocyte progenitors (preadipocytes) exist within WAT, are the product of decades of research motivated largely by our desire to understand adipose tissue in the context of obesity and related diseases. Preadipocytes exist in adipose tissueThough the notion of obesity as a disease has existed since at least the time of Hippocrates ( 16 ), investigation into the origins of the adipocyte and the individual contributions of adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia to adipose bulk began in earnest only after the appearance of the stem cell concept, as related to blood cells, in the early 1900s ( 17 ). In the 1940s, histologic observations of the appearance of adipocytes in chambers implanted in the ears of live rabbits suggested that de novo fat formation was Abstract White adipose tissue (WAT) is perhaps the most plastic organ in the body, capable of regeneration following surgical removal and massive expansion or contraction in response to altered energy balance. Research conducted for over 70 years has investigated adipose tissue plasticity on a cellular level, spurred on by the increasing burden that obesity and associated diseases are placing on public health globally. This work has identifi ed committed preadipocytes in the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue and led to our current understanding that adipogenesis is important not only for WAT expansion, but also for maintenance of adipocyte numbers under normal metabolic states. At the turn of the millenium, studies investigating preadipocyte differentiation collided with developments in stem cell research, leading to the discovery of multipotent stem cells within WAT. Such adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are capable of differentiating into numerous cell types of both mesodermal and nonmesodermal origin, leading to their extensive investigation from a therapeutic and tissue engineering perspective. However, the insights gained through studying ASCs have also contributed to more-recent progress in attempts to better characterize committed preadipocytes in adipose tissue. Thus, ASC research has gone back to its roots, thereby expanding our knowledge of preadipocyte commitment and adipose tissue biology. -Cawthorn, W. P., E. ...

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Section: Broader Questionsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Adipose tissue stem cells meet preadipocyte commitment: going back to the future

Cawthorn

Scheller

MacDougald

2012

Journal of Lipid Research

366

323

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In vivo differentiation of ASCs toward renal epithelial cells has also been shown in a renal ischaemia-reperfusion model [120]. The multiorgan engraftment of transplanted ASCs has been shown, in combination with epithelial lineage differentiation [121]. Fang and coworkers examined the in vivo characteristics and behaviour of human ASCs transplanted in sublethally irradiated nonobese mice with diabetes or severe combined immunodeficiency.…”

Section: The Differentiation Potential Of Ascsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells: Tissue Localization, Characterization, and Heterogeneity

Baer

Geiger

2012

Stem Cells International

406

358

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Adipose tissue as a stem cell source is ubiquitously available and has several advantages compared to other sources. It is easily accessible in large quantities with minimal invasive harvesting procedure, and isolation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASCs) yields a high amount of stem cells, which is essential for stem-cell-based therapies and tissue engineering. Several studies have provided evidence that ASCs in situ reside in a perivascular niche, whereas the exact localization of ASCs in native adipose tissue is still under debate. ASCs are isolated by their capacity to adhere to plastic. Nevertheless, recent isolation and culture techniques lack standardization. Cultured cells are characterized by their expression of characteristic markers and their capacity to differentiate into cells from meso-, ecto-, and entodermal lineages. ASCs possess a high plasticity and differentiate into various cell types, including adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, hepatocytes, neural cells, and endothelial and epithelial cells. Nevertheless, recent studies suggest that ASCs are a heterogeneous mixture of cells containing subpopulations of stem and more committed progenitor cells. This paper summarizes and discusses the current knowledge of the tissue localization of ASCs in situ, their characterization and heterogeneity in vitro, and the lack of standardization in isolation and culture methods.

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“…The multiorgan engraftment of transplanted ASCs has been shown in combination with epithelial lineage differentiation [81]. Fang and co-workers examined the in vivo characteristics and behavior of human ASCs transplanted in sublethally irradiated nonobese mice with diabetes or severe combined immunodeficiency.…”

Section: Epithelial Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Their Potential to Differentiate into the Epithelial Lineage

Baer

2011

Stem Cells and Development

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Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) possess a multilineage differentiation potential, can be used from an autologous origin, and are, therefore, attractive candidates for clinical applications to repair or regenerate damaged tissues and organs. Adipose tissue as a stem cell source is ubiquitously available and has several advantages compared with other sources. It is easily accessible in large quantities with a minimal invasive harvesting procedure, and the isolation of ASCs yields a high amount of stem cells, which is essential for stem cell-based therapies and tissue engineering. Differentiation of ASCs into cell types of mesodermal origin has been shown in a variety of studies. The plasticity of ASCs toward cells of the mesodermal lineage has been shown by their differentiation into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and myocytes. Their potential to differentiate into lineages with nonmesodermal origin is even more exciting: ASCs are also able to differentiate into cells of ecto- and endodermal origin. Various in vitro and in vivo studies documented the induced differentiation into neural cells, hepatocytes, pancreatic islet cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells. Epithelial cells can embryologically arise from each of the 3 germ layers. This article summarizes and discusses the current knowledge of the potential of ASCs to differentiate into the epithelial lineage. The differentiation of ASCs into different types of epithelial cells, including hepatocytes, pancreatic cells, and endothelial cells, is highlighted together with a view on current clinical trials and future options.

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Human Adipose Tissue–Derived Adult Stem Cells Can Lead to Multiorgan Engraftment

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Adipose tissue stem cells meet preadipocyte commitment: going back to the future

Adipose tissue stem cells meet preadipocyte commitment: going back to the future

Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells: Tissue Localization, Characterization, and Heterogeneity

Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Their Potential to Differentiate into the Epithelial Lineage

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