Human adenovirus species C recombinant virus continuously circulated in China

Abstract

To date, at least three lineages (Lineage 1–3) that are related to recombinant human adenovirus species C (HAdV-C) have been identified in China. Among them, Lineage 1 includes two Chinese strains, strain KR699642-CHN-20093 (CBJ11) and strain MF315029-CHN-2013 (BJ09), which were collected in Beijing in 2009 and 2013, respectively. Herein, we performed genomic and bioinformatics analysis of two HAdV-C strains (strain SX-2000-140 and strain SX-2004-327) that were isolated from the feces of two healthy children in Shanxi province of China in 2000 and 2004, respectively. Results revealed that the genomes of both Shanxi strains had the highest homology to two Chinese HAdV-C strains belonging to Lineage 1 and harbored the genetic elements of these two strains, thereby presuming that Lineage1 has been circulated in mainland of China for decades. In addition, though the viruses in Lineage 1 showed slightly different recombinant patterns resulting from the recombinant events among the five types of HAdV-C, all the Lineage 1 viruses shared the highest sequence similarities with the HAdV-2 prototype strain (NC_001405-USA-1953) across the genome, especially in the major capsid genes including hexon, and fiber. These results indicated that Lineage 1 viruses that were associated with recombinants shared a common ancestor that is closely related to the HAdV-2 virus. Our current findings confirmed that frequent recombination among the different HAdV-C types might be an important driving force for the molecular evolution of HAdV-C. Therefore, there is a strong need for further comprehensive and systematic monitoring, detection, and research on HAdV-C.

Molecular typing of human adenoviruses among hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections in a tertiary Hospital in Guangzhou, China between 2017 and 2019

“…Previously, three types of HAdV-C (e.g., 1, 2, and 5) were identified in China, although studies of HAdV-C species have been limited [ 34 ]. HAdV-C species viruses were identified as the primary pathogens responsible for respiratory tract infections among hospitalized children, particularly among infants under two years of age [ 34 ]. Our study is consistent with this in that more than half of HAdV-C-positive patients were observed in children less than two years old.…”

“…Our study is consistent with this in that more than half of HAdV-C-positive patients were observed in children less than two years old. Previous research suggests that recombination events are commonly observed among HAdV-C types [ 34 ]. As recombinant HAdV strains have caused epidemics, it seems prudent to monitor for changes in HAdV-C types in China.…”

Molecular Typing of Human Adenovirus Infection among Hospitalized Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in Guangzhou, China

“…Previously, three types of HAdV-C (e.g., 1, 2, and 5) were identi ed in China, although studies of HAdV-C species have been limited [33]. HAdV-C species viruses were identi ed as the primary pathogens responsible for respiratory tract infections among hospitalized children, particularly among infants under two years of age [33]. Our study is consistent with this in that more than half of HAdV-C-positive patients were observed in children less than two years old.…”

“…Our study is consistent with this in that more than half of HAdV-C-positive patients were observed in children less than two years old. Previous research suggests that recombination events are commonly observed among HAdV-C types [33]. As recombinant HAdV strains have caused epidemics, it seems prudent to monitor for changes in HAdV-C types in China.…”

Emergence and characterization of a putative novel human adenovirus recombinant HAdV-C104 causing pneumonia in Southern China

“…Among these HAdVs, HAdV-C viruses are the second most common HAdV pertaining to human respiratory diseases causing more than half of the adenovirus infections in immunocompromised patients. HAdV-C viruses are also clinically more significant, in terms of disease severity, than HAdV-B and HAdV-E viruses in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients ( Wang et al 2016 ; Khanal et al 2018 ; Dhingra et al 2019 ; Yang et al 2019 ).…”