Human actinomycetoma caused by <i>Actinomadura mexicana</i> in Sudan: the first report

Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar; Nyuykonge, Bertrand; Ahmed, Mohammed Tayfour; Hassan, Rowa; Saad, Eiman; Mhmoud, Najwa Adam; Bakhiet, Sahar Mubarak; Sande, Wendy W. J. van de; Fahal, Ahmed Hassan

doi:10.1093/trstmh/traa145

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Another often used treatment regimen consists of 2 g amoxicillin/clavulanate and 1600/280 mg sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim three times a day. 96 The choice of antibacterial agent(s) generally depends on preference of hospital, not on the species causing the actinomycetoma. In Senegal, patients are treated with either trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combined with amoxicillin/clavulanate and streptomycin.…”

Section: Transactions Of the Royal Society Of Tropical Medicine And H...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycetoma in West Africa

Oladele

Ly²,

Sow

et al. 2021

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Background Mycetoma is a neglected disease, which is socioeconomically important, and with the possibility of permanent disability in infected persons if not treated early. This is especially true in resource-limited settings such as West Africa, where there is a lack of facilities and skilled personnel to make a definitive laboratory diagnosis. Countries in West Africa have similar climatic conditions to Sudan. The majority of patients seek medical care very late, when there is already bone involvement, resulting in amputations. This results in poor capture of the true burden of the problem in the literature. Methods A review of the literature revealed about 2685 documented cases in West Africa from 1929 to 2020; from 15 out of 16 countries, Senegal accounted for 74.1% (1943) of cases in the subregion. Results The majority of lesions were found on the foot; however, other body parts were also reported. Rural dwellers accounted for most cases. Only 547 (20.4%) cases had identified isolates reported. Actinomycetoma accounted for 47.9% of cases, eumycetoma 39.7% and unidentified pathogens 12.4%. Actinomadura pelletieri was the predominant pathogen isolated (21.4%; 117 isolates). Conclusion There is a dire need for capacity building, provision of facility and health education to raise awareness of this debilitating disease in West Africa.

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Section: Transactions Of the Royal Society Of Tropical Medicine And H...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycetoma in West Africa

Oladele

Ly²,

Sow

et al. 2021

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Morphological characteristics of strain 14C53 T were observed by scanning electron microscopy (JEOL JSM 6060) using gold-coated dehydrated specimens grown on ISP 3 [56] medium at 28 °C for 21 days. Cultural characteristics were examined on Czapek's agar (CA) [57], ISP (International Streptomyces Projects) 2-7 agar [56], modified Bennett's agar (MBA) [58], nutrient agar (NA) [59], and tryptic soy agar (TSA, Difco) media after incubation for 14 days at 28 Chemotaxonomic analysis indicated that strain 14C53 T exhibited characteristics that are typical of members of the genus Actinomadura [12]. It contained mesodiaminopimelic acid in the cell wall diamino acid and whole-cell sugars included glucose, madurose, ribose, and a trace amounts of galactose.…”

Section: Chemotaxonomy and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Actinomadura madurae and Actinomadura pelletieri are the most common agents to cause human actinomycetoma [25, 26] as well as non-mycetomic infections [27]. Actinomadura mexicana has also been recently associated with human actinomycetoma [28].…”

Section: Full-textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actinomadura soli sp. nov., isolated from the top soil layer on basaltic material in Turkey

Sarıcaoğlu

Saygin

Topkara

et al. 2021

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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An actinobacterium, designated 14C53T, was isolated from a soil sample on basaltic material from Samsun, Turkey. The growth ranges for NaCl concentration and pH of strain 14C53T were quite limited and the growth temperature range of the strain was 20–37 °C, with an optimum at 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 14C53T was most closely related to Actinomadura geliboluensis A8036T (98.5 % similarity value), but in the phylogenetic tree, it formed a clade with Actinomadura alkaliterrae D310AT. The genome tree revealed a close relationship between the strain and Actinomadura pelletieri DSM 43383T. However, the digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain 14C53T with Actinomadura geliboluensis A8036T and Actinomadura pelletieri DSM 43383T were 28.6–30.2 % and 84.3–85.5 %, respectively, and comparative analyses based on the genome sequences demonstrated that it represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura . The genome size of strain 14C53T was approximately 9.0 Mb and the genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 71.3 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids of strain 14C53T were C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. Strain 14C53T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H6). Based on evidence collected from the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, a novel species Actinomadura soli sp. nov. is proposed, with 14C53T (=DSM 104447T=KCTC 39878T) as the type strain.

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“…A relatively small number of actinobacterial species are known to cause actinomycetoma. The most common causal agents of actinomycetoma are Actinomadura madurae, Actinomadura pelletieri, Nocardia asteroides, Nocardia brasiliensis and Streptomyces somaliensis [17]; less well known species include Actinomadura latina [18,19] Actinomadura mexicana [20], Streptomyces albus [21], Streptomyces griseus [22] and Streptomyces sudanensis [23]. Whilst S. sudanensis and S. somaliensis are closely related, other mycetoma agents within the Streptomyces genus are part of distinct taxonomic lineages, highlighting the diversity of mycetoma agents within this genus [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic whole-genome sequencing reveals an unexpected diversity among actinomycetoma pathogens and provides insights into their antibacterial susceptibilities

et al. 2022

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Mycetoma is a neglected tropical chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. More than 70 species with a broad taxonomic diversity have been implicated as agents of mycetoma. Understanding the full range of causative organisms and their antibiotic sensitivity profiles are essential for the appropriate treatment of infections. The present study focuses on the analysis of full genome sequences and antibiotic inhibitory concentration profiles of actinomycetoma strains from patients seen at the Mycetoma Research Centre in Sudan with a view to developing rapid diagnostic tests. Seventeen pathogenic isolates obtained by surgical biopsies were sequenced using MinION and Illumina methods, and their antibiotic inhibitory concentration profiles determined. The results highlight an unexpected diversity of actinomycetoma causing pathogens, including three Streptomyces isolates assigned to species not previously associated with human actinomycetoma and one new Streptomyces species. Thus, current approaches for clinical and histopathological classification of mycetoma may need to be updated. The standard treatment for actinomycetoma is a combination of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Most tested isolates had a high IC (inhibitory concentration) to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim or to amoxicillin alone. However, the addition of the β-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid to amoxicillin increased susceptibility, particularly for Streptomyces somaliensis and Streptomyces sudanensis. Actinomadura madurae isolates appear to have a particularly high IC under laboratory conditions, suggesting that alternative agents, such as amikacin, could be considered for more effective treatment. The results obtained will inform future diagnostic methods for the identification of actinomycetoma and treatment.

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Human actinomycetoma caused by Actinomadura mexicana in Sudan: the first report

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Mycetoma in West Africa

Mycetoma in West Africa

Actinomadura soli sp. nov., isolated from the top soil layer on basaltic material in Turkey

Systematic whole-genome sequencing reveals an unexpected diversity among actinomycetoma pathogens and provides insights into their antibacterial susceptibilities

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