Hue signals from short- and middle-wavelength-sensitive cones

Drum, Bruce

doi:10.1364/josaa.6.000153

Cited by 41 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Nonetheless, several of these earlier studies (19)(20)(21)(22) reported that small short-wavelength spots were seen as blue-green, in accord with our data.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Contribution of S opponent cells to color appearance

Valois

Mahon

2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We measured the regions in isoluminant color space over which observers perceive red, yellow, green, and blue and examined the extent to which the colors vary in perceived amount within these regions. We compared color scaling of various isoluminant stimuli by using large spots, which activate all cone types, to that with tiny spots in the central foveola, where S cones, and thus S opponent (So) cell activity, are largely or entirely absent. The addition of So input to that from the L and M opponent cells changes the chromatic appearance of all colors, affecting each primary color in different chromatic regions in the directions and by the amount predicted by our color model. Shifts from white to the various chromatic stimuli we used produced sinusoidal variations in cone activation as a function of color angle for each cone type and in the responses of lateral geniculate cells. However, psychophysical color-scaling functions for 2°spots were nonsinusoidal, being much more peaked. The color-scaling functions are well fit by sine waves raised to exponents between 1 and 3. The same is true for the color responses of a large subpopulation of striate cortex cells. We report herein two experiments based on a color-scaling technique similar to one we and others have used previously (6-8) but with certain crucial variations. One experiment tested some fundamental predictions from our color model (1) concerning the role of S o cells in color appearance. The other was prompted by observations we have made recently on the differences between the narrowness of color tuning in monkey LGN cells and that in certain cells in the striate cortex (R.L.D.V., N. P. Cottaris, S. D. Elfar, and L.E.M., unpublished work). Of interest is the relation between the narrowness of perceptual color tuning and the tuning properties of cells at these two processing stages.In most color-scaling studies, including ours (8) and others (e.g., refs. 6 and 7), observers specify the hue of a stimulus by reporting the percentage of each of four hues (red, yellow, green, and blue) seen in that stimulus, with the four percentages constrained to sum to 100. With that constraint, however, the estimated shapes of the four tuning functions are not independent. We have therefore repeated the experiment by having observers judge each color separately, with no requirement that the responses add up to a certain total.Normal observers tend to be tritanopic for very small stimuli foveally fixated (9). Recent anatomical (e.g., refs. 10-12) and psychophysical (13) studies confirm the presumed basis, namely, that S cones are essentially absent in the very center of the foveola. We (1) have suggested a special role for the S o cells (whose activity would be absent in the absence of S cone activation) in encoding hues. We have tested this suggestion by examining color scaling with and without input from S o cells. We compared color scaling for large spots, producing maximum S cone activation, with that for very small spots presented in the center of the foveola, activa...

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“…Nonetheless, several of these earlier studies (19)(20)(21)(22) reported that small short-wavelength spots were seen as blue-green, in accord with our data.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Contribution of S opponent cells to color appearance

Valois

Mahon

2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…If correct, then human perceptions should be predictable from the responses of those cells; however, there are conspicuous differences between human color vision and what is predicted from the responses of S-(LþM) and L versus M cells (DeValois and DeValois 1993). The contradiction between human perception and L versus M midget ganglion cell responses arises because S cones have an input to perceptual redness and greenness but they do not have an input to the putative canonical (L-M) "red-ON" and (M-L) "green-ON" midget ganglion cells of the standard model (Drum 1989;DeValois and DeValois 1993;Dacey 2000). Excitatory S-cone input contributes to the perception of both blue and red and inhibitory S-cone input contributes to the perceptions of both yellow and green.…”

Section: Recent Evidence Points To a New Hypothesis For The Biologicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing Color Blindness--Mice and Nonhuman Primates

Neitz

2014

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

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“…Mid-spectral tests can also appear blue when flashed on achromatic fields. [5][6][7] The subject of Ingling, Scheibner, and Boynton 8 identified one-fifth of the mid-spectral incremental flashes as blue, when these were presented at 32ϫ threshold on 1000 td blue and green fields. Such flashes may have excited other classes of cones as well as M-cones, but DeValois, DeValois, Switkes, and Mahon 9 report that 2°test flashes isolated to M-cones typically appear slightly bluish-green when presented on a white field.…”

Section: Appearance Of Mid-spectral Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In more recent models, however, M-cones do contribute to blue. 6,7 For example, in the multistage model of DeValois and DeValois, 12 M-cones can contribute 3 times more than S-cones to blue. We were concerned in the present research with the color-naming of M-cone isolated stimuli presented briefly on a range of colored adaptation fields, not limited to black or white.…”

Section: Appearance Of Mid-spectral Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Color-naming of M-cone incremental flashes

Schirillo

Reeves

2001

Color Res. Appl.

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To study which hues are associated with brief excitations of foveal middle-wavelength (M) cones, two highly practiced color-normal observers (the authors) gave basic color names to 500 and 530 nm increments. The test spots were presented to the fovea and foveola in conditions that included M-cone isolation. 1°and 3.6 min arc tests were flashed for 200 ms on steady 8.6Ј, 1°, or 10°mono-chromatic adapting fields (481, 530, 610, and 630 nm), or on mixtures of these fields, or on a dark field. Tests were flashed at 1, 2, 4, and 8 ϫ thresholds. Field hue had little overall effect. Yellow, green, blue-green, and blue colornames were elicited, both for the foveal 1°tests and for 3.6 min tests confined to the S-cone free foveola. These data add to previous research by showing a contribution of M-cones to blueness on monochromatic fields, as well as on achromatic fields. Because the 500 and 530 nm tests appear green when presented steadily on these same fields, the M-cone contribution to blue may well be transitory.

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Hue signals from short- and middle-wavelength-sensitive cones

Cited by 41 publications

References 13 publications

Contribution of S opponent cells to color appearance

Contribution of S opponent cells to color appearance

Curing Color Blindness--Mice and Nonhuman Primates

Color-naming of M-cone incremental flashes

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