Curing Color Blindness--Mice and Nonhuman Primates

Neitz, Maureen; Neitz, Jay

doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a017418

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Although genetic therapy experiments in mice and primates have been carried out [5], there are still no effective treatments in humans to reverse this condition [2]. The fields of engineering and colorimetry have paid special interest to the study of anomalous color vision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral Filter Selection for Increasing Chromatic Diversity in CVD Subjects

Martínez-Domingo

Valero

Gómez‐Robledo

et al. 2020

Sensors

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This paper analyzes, through computational simulations, which spectral filters increase the number of discernible colors (NODC) of subjects with normal color vision, as well as red-green anomalous trichromats and dichromats. The filters are selected from a set of filters in which we have modeled spectral transmittances. With the selected filters we have carried out simulations performed using the spectral reflectances captured either by a hyperspectral camera or by a spectrometer. We have also studied the effects of these filters on color coordinates. Finally, we have simulated the results of two widely used color blindness tests: Ishihara and Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue (FM100). In these analyses the selected filters are compared with the commercial filters from EnChroma and VINO companies. The results show that the increase in NODC with the selected filters is not relevant. The simulation results show that none of these chosen filters help color vision deficiency (CVD) subjects to pass the set of color blindness tests studied. These results obtained using standard colorimetry support the hypothesis that the use of color filters does not cause CVDs to have a perception similar to that of a normal observer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral Filter Selection for Increasing Chromatic Diversity in CVD Subjects

Martínez-Domingo

Valero

Gómez‐Robledo

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…Apart from new genetic therapy treatments, so far only tested on mice and primates [4], currently there is no effective treatment of CVD in humans [1]. However, available tools have been suggested as aids for people with CVD [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do EnChroma glasses improve color vision for colorblind subjects?

et al. 2018

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The commercialization of EnChroma glasses has generated great expectations for people to be able to see new colors or even correct color vision deficiency (CVD). We evaluate the effectiveness of these glasses using two complementary strategies for the first time. The first consists of using the three classical types of tests-recognition, arrangement and discrimination-with and without glasses, with a high number of individuals. In the second, we use the spectral transmittance of the glasses to simulate the appearance of stimuli in a set of scenes for normal observers and observers with CVD. The results show that the glasses introduce a variation of the perceived color, but neither improve results in the diagnosis tests nor allow the observers with CVD to have a more normal color vision.

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“…87,88 Some 'double-duty' theories have supposed that the appropriate circuits with the combination of cone inputs to explain hue perception and the separation of achromatic and chromatic sensations all occur in the cortex. In contrast, according to the picture of the evolution of primate color vision presented here, achromatic and chromatic sensations are separated and the (S+M) vs L and (S+L) vs M circuitry required for hue perception all arises in the retina automatically and it does not require any kind of neural plasticity or developmental process.…”

Section: Unique Huesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the circuitry for conscious color vision in primates

Neitz

2016

Eye

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There are many ganglion cell types and subtypes in our retina that carry color information. These have appeared at different times over the history of the evolution of the vertebrate visual system. They project to several different places in the brain and serve a variety of purposes allowing wavelength information to contribute to diverse visual functions. These include circadian photoentrainment, regulation of sleep and mood, guidance of orienting movements, detection and segmentation of objects. Predecessors to some of the circuits serving these purposes presumably arose before mammals evolved and different functions are represented by distinct ganglion cell types. However, while other animals use color information to elicit motor movements and regulate activity rhythms, as do humans, using phylogenetically ancient circuitry, the ability to appreciate color appearance may have been refined in ancestors to primates, mediated by a special set of ganglion cells that serve only that purpose. Understanding the circuitry for color vision has implications for the possibility of treating color blindness using gene therapy by recapitulating evolution. In addition, understanding how color is encoded, including how chromatic and achromatic percepts are separated is a step toward developing a complete picture of the diversity of ganglion cell types and their functions. Such knowledge could be useful in developing therapeutic strategies for blinding eye disorders that rely on stimulating elements in the retina, where more than 50 different neuron types are organized into circuits that transform signals from photoreceptors into specialized detectors many of which are not directly involved in conscious vision.

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Curing Color Blindness--Mice and Nonhuman Primates

Cited by 28 publications

References 66 publications

Spectral Filter Selection for Increasing Chromatic Diversity in CVD Subjects

Spectral Filter Selection for Increasing Chromatic Diversity in CVD Subjects

Do EnChroma glasses improve color vision for colorblind subjects?

Evolution of the circuitry for conscious color vision in primates

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