Hubungan Kejadian Melasma dengan Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal Suntik dan Pil Kombinasi di BPM Dwi Astutik, Desa Petungsewu, Dau, Kabupaten Malang

Abstract

Melasma is a hyperpigmentation arising due to the buildup of melanin in the epidermis, dermis, or both. Melasma can appear on the users of hormonal contraceptives such as the pill or injection combination and tend to appear on face areas so that it can be influencing the life's quality. The appearance of melasma on the user of injection and pill combination is affected by the presence of estrogen and progesterone hormones which is contained in contraception and it will cause kind of accumulation in the body. Estrogen and progesterone hormones are interrelated in affecting cells pigmentation, as one of melanocyte's receptor. The difference of hormonal substances can give different influence to the genesis of melasma. This research aims to know the correlation between melasma occurrence with the use of injection combination of hormonal contraceptives and pills combination in Dwi Astutik Maternity Home, Petungsewu Village in Dau District of Malang Regency. The research design was used the case-control sampling technique using a purposive sampling technique. The number of respondents as many as 34 people, on each group (case and control). Data analysis using the Chi-Square Test and obtained the value of α = 0.015 (significant) and the odds ratio of 3.378. The conclusion of this study is there is a correlation between injection and pill combination and the genesis of melasma. the use of injection combination 3.378 times is riskier to emerge melasma than the use of pill combination. ABSTRAKPeningkatan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal di Indonesia berhubungan dengan beberapa keuntungan yang diberikan, seperti efektif, murah, dan terjangkau berbagai kalangannamun terdapat salah satu efek samping yang dianggap merugikan bagi penggunanya, yaitu melasma. Melasma adalah hiperpigmentasi yang ditimbulkan akibat adanya penumpukan melanin pada

The Profile and Triggering Factors of Melasma Patients: A Retrospective Study

“…Positive family history of melasma reported varies from 20-70% in different studies. 20 As much as 22.2% of patients in this study had a positive family history, slightly more than the previous study by Umborowati and Rahmadewi, which had 21% of the percentage. 5 Another study by Kumar et al showed that 29.07% of women and 14.28% of men had a positive family history of melasma.…”

“…Contraception can lead to melanogenesis because it contains estrogen and progesterone hormones. 20 Estrogen acts directly on melanocytes as their receptors and causes an increased amount of melanin in cells, while progesterone causes the spread of melanin in keratinocyte cells raising. 15,20 These mechanisms are mediated by the peptide hormones (peptides and glycoproteins) and involve the activity of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP) on cell membranes.…”

“…20 Estrogen acts directly on melanocytes as their receptors and causes an increased amount of melanin in cells, while progesterone causes the spread of melanin in keratinocyte cells raising. 15,20 These mechanisms are mediated by the peptide hormones (peptides and glycoproteins) and involve the activity of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP) on cell membranes. 15 Increased estrogen and progesterone hormones in pregnancy will increase melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).…”