Hubungan Derajat Merokok Berdasarkan Indeks Brinkman dengan Kadar Hemoglobin

Abstract

AbstrakSalah satu zat yang terdapat dalam asap rokok adalah karbon monoksida yang sangat mudah berikatan dengan hemoglobin, sehingga tubuh mengalami hipoksia dan berusaha meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan hubungan derajat merokok berdasarkan Indeks Brinkman dengan kadar hemoglobin. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional study yang dilakukan terhadap pendonor darah di Palang Merah Indonesia cabang Padang. Jumlah subjek sebanyak 65 orang yang diambil secara accidental sampling dengan kriteria inklusi adalah perokok dan berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Data derajat merokok diperoleh melalui wawancara dan kadar hemoglobin diperiksa dengan menggunakan metode sianomethemoglobin. Hubungan antara derajat merokok dengan kadar hemoglobin digunakan uji statistik Anova, dengan nilai p<0,05. Hasil penelitian diperoleh rerata lama merokok responden 19,65 ± 10,95 tahun dan jumlah rokok yang dihisap perhari 19,28 ± 11,88 batang. Derajat perokok terbanyak adalah perokok ringan sebanyak 27 orang (41,5%). Rerata kadar hemoglobin responden adalah 15,47±1,41 gr/dl. Kesimpulan hasil studi ini ialah tidak didapatkan hubungan antara derajat merokok berdasarkan Indeks Brinkman dengan kadar hemoglobin.Kata kunci: derajat merokok, indeks Brinkman, kadar hemoglobin AbstractOne of the substances contained in cigarette smoke is carbon monoxide which is very easy to bind on hemoglobin, so the body gets hypoxia and strive to increase the levels hemoglobin. The objetive of this study was to determine the relationship between the degree of smoking based of Brinkman Index and hemoglobin levels.The design of this research was cross sectional study. Population were blood donors in Indonesian Red Cross Padang. The total samples of 65 people taken by accidental sampling with inclusion criteria was smoker and a male. The data degree of smoking got by interview and hemoglobin levels checked by using cyanmethemoglobin method. The relationship between the degree of smoking and hemoglobin levels used Anova statistical test, with p value <0.05.The result show that average smoking duration is 19.65 ± 10.95 years and the average of cigarrete that they smoke in a day was 19.28 ± 11.88 stems. Highest degree was mild smokers by 27 people (41.5%). The mean hemoglobin level was 15.47±1.41 gr/dl. The conclusion is no relationship between the degree of smoking by Brinkman Index and hemoglobin levels.Keywords: degree of smoking, Brinkman index, hemoglobin levels

The Correlation Between Smoking Degree and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Using GERDQ

“…Subjects who were categorized as mild smokers were the most respondents in this study (39.4%), then followed by moderate smokers in the second place (36.4%) and the last were heavy smokers, 24.2%). This is in accordance with research conducted by Amelia et al, 14 where it was found that the most subjects in her study were mild smokers (41.5%, n = 27), the second was moderate smokers (32.3%, n=21), and the last one was heavy smokers (26.2%, n = 17). This occurs because the respondents were taken from various age groups and it affects the length of smoking of the respondents which causes the degree of smoking to be almost even in each category.…”

“…If a person smokes for a long time and the number of cigarettes smoked is increasing, then his smoking degree will be heavier. 14 Nicotine is one of the substances found in cigarettes where nicotine has an addictive effect that can cause smokers to become dependent. The nicotine in cigarettes can activate the dopamine reward pathway in the brain that encourages a person to smoke continuously.…”

Risk Factors and Early Symptoms Related to Respiratory Disease in Pedicab Drivers in Surabaya

“…The Brinkman index is used to see the degree of severity of smoking by using formula of cigarettes smoked a day multiplied by the length of smoking in the year. There is a significant relationship between the degree of smoking and the severity of COPD (Amelia et al, 2016;Shamara, Fachri, 2014). In the group of respiratory disorders (Table 4), the results of this study were in accordance with the theory that the severity of smoking has a significant relationship with the severity of COPD disease, in this case, based on the value of lung function.…”

Penerapan Fungsi Manajemen Pada Kebijakan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok Di Kota Cirebon

“…Sedangkan substansi toksik dalam bentuk zat kimia yang volatil seperti nitrosamin, formaldehid banyak terdapat dalam asap rokok. Zat-zat ini dapat memberikan efek toksiknya dengan mekanisme spesifik dan pada sel-sel atau unit-unit makromolekuler sel tertentu terutama pada sistem pernapasan (Amelia, Nasrul, & Basyar, 2016).…”

“…Meskipun saat ini ada rokok modern (elektrik), namun tetap saja memiliki bahaya. dan risiko penyakit bagi orang terdekat (Amelia et al, 2016).…”