HPV Genotypes distribution in Indian women with and without cervical carcinoma: Implication for HPV vaccination program in Odisha, Eastern India

Abstract

BackgroundConsidering the limited cross protection offered by the current HPV vaccines, understanding the HPV genotype distribution among the different population is essential in predicting the efficacy of current vaccine and devising new vaccine strategy. The present work aimed at investigating the HPV genotypes distribution among women with and without cervical carcinoma in Odisha, Eastern India.MethodsA total of 607 participants have been enrolled between January 2014 and June 2016. L1-PCR, sequencing, and E6/E7 nested multiplex type- specific PCR were performed for HPV detection and genotyping. Cytological distribution of 440 cases includes invasive cervical carcinoma or ICC (n = 210), inflammatory smear (n = 162), normal cytology (n = 68). Statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS version 20.0 software and MediCal version 14.10.2(7). A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe overall prevalence of HPV infection was (359/595) 60.33%. Prevalence of HPV infection was 93.80% (197/210) in invasive cervical cancer (ICC) cases, 54.32% (88/162) in inflammatory smear and 19.11% (13/68) in normal cervical cytology. The most prevalent genotype was HPV16 (87.28%) followed by HPV18 (24.56%) and HPV 51(3.46%). The overall prevalence of single type was 76.58% and highest (78.9%) among ICC cases. The most frequent genotype combination after HPV16 + 18(9.4%) was HPV16 + 66 + 68(2.7%) which was frequently observed in inflammatory cytology. Age > 45years, parity ≥3, low socio-economic condition, rural residential area and post menopause state were significantly associated with HPV infection. Multiple infections did not have a significant association with any of the clinicopathological variables (stage, LN metastasis, cell type) except tumor size ≥ 2cm in ICC cases. The impact of 2v, 4v, and 9v vaccines in preventing cervical cancer in Odisha were 89.99, 91.65, and 92.16% respectively.ConclusionThis data would help planning an appropriate strategy for disease monitoring and provides baseline data for post-vaccination surveillance in the region. The nonavalent vaccine would be significant in preventing cervical carcinoma in Odisha. Hence an effective vaccination program based on regional HPV epidemiological profile along with the cervical cancer screening is necessary to reduce the cervical cancer burden in India.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-2136-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Human papillomavirus genotype distribution in cervical cancer biopsies from Nepalese women

“…We found HPV-16 and 18 to be associated with 87% of the total CC tissue samples in our study, consistent with a previous study of 54 Nepalese cases detecting HPV-16/18 in 90% of samples [ 20 ] . Our study detected HPV-16/18 at a moderately higher rate than previously reported for Southern Asia (80%) [ 21 ], and the Asian region (71%) in a worldwide study [ 12 ] , but a little smaller than those rates from Eastern India that exceeds 100%, considering multiple infections (HPV-16: 83.78%; HPV-18, 21.08%) [ 22 ].…”

Prevalence of human papillomavirus among Wenzhou women diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer

“…It is important to determine the epidemiology of mono- and coinfections of HPV in order to establish appropriate prevention strategies for the design of novel vaccines based on each population. Determining the epidemiology of mono- and coinfections of HPV has been instrumental in establishing appropriate prevention strategies for the design of new vaccines tailored to each population [ 16 – 18 ].…”

Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas in a Malaysian cohort show a lack of association with human papillomavirus

“…30,31 The interesting lack of HPV in this ethnic group lends some support to a true low prevalence of HPV in ESCC in Malaysians. When taken in the face that studies from India have generally reported the substantial prevalence of HPV in their patients with esophageal cancer, 6,32,33 while the rates of HPV infection in cervical cancers in Malaysia and India [34][35][36][37] are similar, our observation may again argue for a true low predilection of HPV for ESCC in Malaysians. Certainly, the possibility that the higher prevalence observed in some studies and the low prevalence in our case may be a result of variable methodology stringencies 8,10 cannot be completely excluded.…”