HPLC-UV and UPLC-MS/MS methods for the simultaneous analysis of sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil and their counterfeits dapoxetine, paroxetine, citalopram, tramadol, and yohimbine in aphrodisiac products

Abstract

In recent times, the counterfeiting of pharmaceuticals has been considered a serious trouble especially in developing countries that acquire poor inspection programs.

Interpol Review of Drug Analysis 2019-2022

“…2019 analytical method for the analysis of active ingredients in pharmaceutical products and illegal drugs, based on benchtop NMR spectroscopy [ 998 ]; HPLC method on RP-C18 core-shell particulate and monolithic columns for simultaneous analysis of avanafil, sildenafil, apomorphine, trazodone, yohimbine, tramadol and dapoxetine in pharmaceutical dosage forms, counterfeit products and human plasma [ 999 ]; 2020 low-wavenumber Raman spectral database of pharmaceutical excipients for qualitative and quantitative analysis, counterfeit detection and pharmaceutical process control [ 1000 ]; review of the implications of counterfeit medications and the current technological approaches that are used to detect counterfeited pharmaceuticals [ 1001 ]; 2021 HPLC-UV and UPLC-MS/MS methods for the simultaneous analysis of sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil and their counterfeits dapoxetine, paroxetine, citalopram, tramadol, and yohimbine in 50 commercial products including honey sachets, instant coffee and pharmaceutical products [ 1002 ]; Time-Domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (TD-NMR) method to detect adulterated pharmaceutical materials [ 1003 ]; electrochemical sensor for determination of acetaminophen in pharmaceutical formulations [ 1004 ]; electrochemical sensor for determination of pharmaceutical compounds [ 1005 ]; paper spray ionization (PSI) coupled to fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) for determining the chemical profiling of 92 samples of counterfeit medicines and ecstasy tablets [ 1006 ]; qualitative and quantitative analyses of pharmaceutical and dietary supplements seized from the black market between January 2016 and December 2019 using GC-MS and LC-HRMS [ 1007 ]; development and validation of a UHPLC-UV method to quantify sildenafil and tadalafil in the presence of six degradation products in the pharmaceutical analysis of genuine and seized medicines [ 1008 ]; NMR method for verifying drug compliance, drug identity, purity and quality [ 1009 ]; ion beam analysis (IBA) procedure to characterize authentic Viagra (R) tablets and sildenafil-based illegal products [ 1010 ]; ATR-FTIR and DSC for the quick detection of counterfeit medicines through the polymer analysis of blister packaging materials [ 1011 ]; discrimination of counterfeit erectile dysfunction medicines using an Ultra-Compact Raman Scattering Spectrometer for the analysis of tadalafil (Cialis), vardenafil (Levitra), and sildenafil (Viagra) tablets purchased on the internet [ 1012 ]; 2022 analytical strategy which enables the structural identification, comprehensive characterization and quantification of monoclonal antibodies in potentially counterfeit samples [ 1013 ].…”

Development and Validation of Stability‐Indicating HPLC Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Vardenafil and Dapoxetine in Bulk and in Combined Dosage Form

“…Various analytical methods have been reported for their quantitative determination in bulk and/or dosage forms, either singly or in combination. [8][9][10][11] Vardenafil was determined using different analytical techniques such as HPLC, [12,13] mass spectroscopy (MS), [14][15][16] electrochemical, [17] and TLC, [18] while the methods used for the determination of dapoxetine were spectrophotometry, [8,19] and HPLC. [20,21] The procedures used for the simultaneous determination of both vardenafil and dapoxetine, such as fluorescence spectroscopy, [22] spectrophotometry, [8,23] HPLC, [23][24][25] and the TLC densitometric method, [26] A drug's safety is a major factor in its development, not only in terms of the intact drug itself but also in terms of its impurities and degradation products.…”

Optimization and Validation of HPLC-UV Method for the Determination of Vardenafil, Sildenafil, and Tadalafil in Honey-Mixed Herbal Sachets Using a Design of Experiment

“…Analytical techniques for analyzing PDE5 inhibitors and their analogs have been developed for public health safety and regulation [18][19][20]. In this case, various spectroscopic and chromatographic methods are used to inspect illegally grown foods containing undeclared synthetic drugs in a complex matrix.…”