“…Currently, there are spectrophotometric [7][8][9] and electrophoretic [10] techniques for urine GAG detection; however, they are not specific for particular GAGs selectively because they have repeating amino sugars and uronic acids that provides polarity and negatively charged sulfate, hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, and acetyl groups that show micro heterogenic structure [11]. As a result of these molecular characteristics, chromatographic separation of different GAGs can be difficult and nonselective [12]. As we mentioned before, MIPs can achieve to overcome these difficulties to separate glycosaminoglycans.…”