HPLC method for quantitating ergovaline in endophyte-infested tall fescue: seasonal variation of ergovaline levels in stems with leaf sheaths, leaf blades, and seed heads

Rottinghaus, George E.; Garner, G. B.; Cornell, C. N.; Ellis, James L.

doi:10.1021/jf00001a022

Cited by 222 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Frozen subsamples of herbage (corresponding to the same days samples were analyzed for nutritive value) were freeze-dried and ground through a 1-mm screen before analysis for ergovaline (Rottinghaus et al, 1991).…”

Section: Foragesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preference by sheep for endophyte-infected tall fescue grown adjacent to or at a distance from alfalfa

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Provenza

Villalba

2015

Animal

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Two experiments were conducted to assess preference by sheep for endophyte-infected tall fescue growing in monoculture at least 5 m away from alfalfa (fescue-middle (FM)) over endophyte-infected tall fescue growing adjacent (0.2 to 1 m; fescue-alfalfa (FA)) to alfalfa (FA), and the effect of legume scent on preference for endophyte-infected tall fescue. In Experiment 1, 10 six-month-old lambs were offered for 12 days a choice of freshly harvested FA and FM. On days 13 and 14, lambs were offered the same choice, except cages (to allow access only to scent) containing freshly harvested alfalfa were put in the feeders containing FA, whereas cages containing freshly harvested FM were included with the feeders containing FM. Forage intake was measured 1 h after feeding and at three consecutive 2-h intervals thereafter. FA contained greater ( P < 0.002) concentrations of the alkaloid ergovaline (360 ± 27 ppm) and CP (8 ± 0.4%) than FM (219 ± 27 ppm and 6 ± 0.4%, respectively). Lambs preferred ( P < 0.05) FA to FM during the 1 st hour of feeding, but the differences became smaller and disappeared in later feeding periods ( P < 0.005). Lambs offered FA with alfalfa scent or FM with FM scent preferred ( P < 0.05) FA but only on the 2 nd day. In Experiment 2, 10 six-month-old lambs were offered a choice of FM with cages (to allow access only to scent) containing freshly harvested alfalfa or FM for 8 days. During the following 4 days, FM in the cages was replaced with freshly harvested sainfoin. Preference was greater ( P < 0.05) for FM offered with alfalfa scent than for FM offered with FM scent only on days 4 and 8. When lambs were offered FM with alfalfa or sainfoin in cages, they preferred ( P < 0.05) tall fescue with sainfoin scent over fescue with alfalfa scent, but intake was variable across hours and days ( P < 0.001). It is concluded that (1) lambs adjusted their intake of and preference for FA and FM over successive feeding bouts within each day, likely owing to an attempt to balance intakes of nutrients and alkaloids and (2) olfactory cues influenced preference, but to a lesser extent than nutrients and alkaloids in endophyte-infected tall fescue.

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Section: Foragesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preference by sheep for endophyte-infected tall fescue grown adjacent to or at a distance from alfalfa

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Provenza

Villalba

2015

Animal

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“…Samples of the tillers were randomly harvested before cuts, lyophilized, powdered in a laboratory mill, and then taken for HPLC analyses. Chemical analyses were carried out according to the modified method of Rottinghaus et al (1991). A weighed portion of dry plant material (0.2 g) was transferred to sealed glass vials.…”

Section: Ergovaline Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Neotyphodium Uncinatum Endophyte on Meadow Fescue Yielding, Health Status and Ergovaline Production in Host-Plants

Pańka¹,

Jeske²,

Troczyński³

2011

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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Abstract:The objective of our research was to assess the beneficial impact of the Neotyphodium uncinatum (Gams, Petrini and Schmidt) Glenn, Bacon and Hanlin endophyte on its natural host -meadow fescue. Assessment was made by measuring the green mass yield, the susceptibility of the host plants to infection by pathogens, and the content of the toxic alkaloid ergovaline, in field conditions. The research involved Justa meadow fescue. The studied factors were as follows: endophyte infection (E+ and E-) and system of use (for pasture and for cut). The effect of N. uncinatum on Justa meadow fescue yielding in all the combinations was observed. The presence of endophyte significantly enhanced higher yields of dry matter compared to the non-infested plants. The infestation of Justa meadow fescue by the endophyte, N. uncinatum, significantly protected the plants from infection of the fungi which causes leaf spot. The endophyte, however, did not affect the development of powdery mildew and rust fungi. Justa meadow fescue showed a relatively high content of ergovaline when grown in the field. The level of the toxin in the season varies a lot, which suggests a high effect of external

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“…The varieties we seeded were similar to those cited in the following references. In 2006, we planted replicated monocultures of TF (Festuca arundinaceum, Kentucky 31 endophyte-infected and endophyte-free TFs; Rottinghaus et al, 1991;Aldrich et al, 1993) and RCG (Phalaris arundinacea L. varieties v.n.s. and palaton) high (1) and low (2) in alkaloids, respectively (Marten, 1972;Sheaffer et al, 1990); BFT (Lotus corniculatus varieties Goldie and Norcen) high (1) and low (2) in tannins, respectively (Terrill et al, 1992;Hedqvist et al, 2000); and ALF (Medicago sativa varieties Vernal and Lahontan) high (1) and low (2) in saponins, respectively (Pedersen, 1975;Pedersen et al, 1976; Table 1).…”

Section: Pasture Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lee et al, 2001), ergovaline (TF; Rottinghaus et al, 1991) and gramine (RCG; Anderton et al, 1999). Although plants were harvested at grazing height, primary and SC were not distributed evenly throughout the plants, which may have influenced the chemical analysis of plant species and animal grazing behavior.…”

Section: Pasture Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical complementarities among endophyte-infected tall fescue, reed canarygrass, birdsfoot trefoil and alfalfa affect cattle foraging

Lyman

Provenza

Villalba

et al. 2012

Animal

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We determined whether plant diversity and sequence of plant ingestion affected foraging when cattle chose from plants that varied in concentrations of alkaloids, tannins and saponins. We hypothesized cattle that ate high-alkaloid grasses (endophyteinfected tall fescue (TF) or reed canarygrass (RCG)) would prefer forages high in tannins (birdsfoot trefoil, BFT1) or saponins (alfalfa, ALF1), because tannins and saponins can bind to alkaloids, presumably reducing their absorption. We further hypothesized that forages with tannins or saponins consumed before, rather than after, foraging on high-alkaloid grasses would promote greater use of those grasses presumably by binding to alkaloids, thereby reducing their absorption. In Phase 1, cattle (n 5 32) grazed on either high (1) or low (2) alkaloid grass (TF or RCG) pastures for 30 min each morning at 0600 h and were then offered a choice of BFT1, BFT2, ALF1 and ALF2 for 60 min each day for 12 days. In Phase 2, cattle (n 5 32) were first offered a choice of BFT1 or ALF1 for 30 min at 0600 h and then placed on grass (TF1 or 2, or RCG1 or 2) pastures for 60 min for 12 days. In both phases, we had four spatial replications of four treatments with 2 per calves assigned to each of the 16 replications per treatment combinations. Scan samples of individuals at 2-min intervals were used to determine incidence of foraging on each plant species (%). Cattle grazed more on RCG than on TF in Phases 1 (62% v. 27%; P 5 0.0015) and 2 (71% v. 32%; P 5 0.0005). In Phase 1, cattle that first foraged on RCG1 or TF2 subsequently preferred ALF over BFT, whereas cattle offered RCG2 or TF1 foraged on ALF and BFT equally. Foraging by cattle on RCG was cyclic during Phase 1, whereas cattle foraging on TF markedly decreased incidence of use of TF from 41% to only 16% by the end of the 12-day trial (P 5 0.0029). Contrary to the cyclic (RCG) or steadily declining (TF) use of grasses in Phase 1, cattle steadily and dramatically increased foraging on both RCG and TF throughout Phase 2, when they first grazed BFT1 or ALF1 followed by high-alkaloid grasses (P 5 0.0159). Our findings suggest that in plant species the sequence of ingestion influenced foraging behavior of cattle and that secondary compounds influenced those responses.

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HPLC method for quantitating ergovaline in endophyte-infested tall fescue: seasonal variation of ergovaline levels in stems with leaf sheaths, leaf blades, and seed heads

Cited by 222 publications

References 9 publications

Preference by sheep for endophyte-infected tall fescue grown adjacent to or at a distance from alfalfa

Preference by sheep for endophyte-infected tall fescue grown adjacent to or at a distance from alfalfa

Effect of Neotyphodium Uncinatum Endophyte on Meadow Fescue Yielding, Health Status and Ergovaline Production in Host-Plants

Phytochemical complementarities among endophyte-infected tall fescue, reed canarygrass, birdsfoot trefoil and alfalfa affect cattle foraging

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