HPLC Fingerprint Analysis with the Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Selected Lichens Combined with the Chemometric Calculations

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of multivariate techniques to predict antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the selected lichens from the chromatographic data. A simple and reproducible HPLC-DAD technique has been used to obtain the chromatographic fingerprint profiles. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) linear gradient system with methanol, water and phosphoric acid (V) (pH 2.3) as the mobile phase was used (50 min). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been applied to the evaluation of the phytochemical similarity between studied samples, especially between the same species collected in various places of Poland (Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach., CI, Cladina mitis Sandst., CM, Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl., HP). The ability to scavenge free radicals was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods and the total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) test. In the case of DPPH % of inhibition was higher for selected species (Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf, H. physodes in comparison to the literature data. The FRAP test showed that the H. physodes extract had higher ability to scavenge free radical in comparison to Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrader and Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach., whereas P. furfuracea extract showed higher ability than C. islandica. The high content of phenolics in P. furfuracea and H. physodes confirms their high antioxidant activity. The cytotoxic activity of studied extracts was tested by cell culture method using the human HL-60 / MX2 acute CKL-22 (CRL-2257) promyelocytic leukemia tumor cell line. The lowest values of IC50 [µg∙mL−1] were obtained for: H. physodes (HP1)—99.4; C. digitate—122.6; H. physodes (HP)—136.5, C. subulata—142.6; C. mitis—180.2.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Evernia prunastri extracts and their isolates

“…Extracts from E. prunastri , in the turn, showed moderate antioxidant activity comparing to usnic acid and a lower number of phenols. Obtained results are corresponding to the published ones (Mitrović et al 2011 ; Hawrył et al 2020 ; Aoussar et al 2020 ).…”

Permeability of Hypogymnia physodes Extract Component—Physodic Acid through the Blood–Brain Barrier as an Important Argument for Its Anticancer and Neuroprotective Activity within the Central Nervous System

“…10 times) than the pure physodic acid. Studies on the antioxidant activity of H. physodes extracts, with the use of other than the CUPRAC method [ 19 , 43 , 55 ] confirm the high activity of the examined extract. Taking into consideration that both physodic acid and H. physodes extract show high antioxidant activities, further research, aiming at the determination of the chemical composition of the extract, was undertaken.…”

Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Using FTIR and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS of Two Curculigo Species and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities

“…PLS, as a supervised pattern recognition method, is often used to correlate medicinal plants’ biological activities with chromatographic or spectroscopic data (peak area or peak and absorbance value) [ 15 , 30 , 37 ]. The parameters used to create the PLS model are latent variables (LV), and its full cross-validation was applied for data validation and avoiding overfitting [ 38 , 39 ].…”

“…The processed data from FTIR (spectra data) [ 15 ] and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS (peak area value) [ 46 ] were analyzed using the UnscramblerX ver. 10.4.…”

“…PCA techniques make it possible to extract analytical information from chromatograms or spectra of samples to identify similarities and differences among highly complex datasets. PLS is one of the most popular calibration methods, which is based on determining the linear relationship between the independent dataset of measurement X (such as peak, absorbance values, fingerprint, spectra, or peak area from the detected metabolites) and the dependent set of variable Y (biological activity) in order to predict the bioactive compounds [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. For the first time, we have performed metabolomics analysis using FTIR and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS to identify major functional groups and metabolites in the two Curculigo spp.…”