HPLC evaluation of the minor lipid components of by-products resulting from edible oil processing

Abstract

RESUMEN Evaluación por HPLC de componentes lipídicos minoritarios de subproductos de la refinación de aceites comestiblesEl trabajo realiza una evaluación analítica de algunos subproductos resultantes del la refinación de aceites comestibles. Las muestras procedieron de 4 plantas que aplicaban refinación química. Después de un pretratamiento de las muestras estas se sometieron a un análisis cromatográ-fico para el aislamiento y derivatización de los siguientes componentes minoritarios: esteroles libres y acilados (FS y AS) y esterilglicosidos libres y acilados (FSG y ASG). Sin embargo, los tocoferoles se determinaron directamente a partir de las muestras pretratadas. Todos los componentes menores se analizaron mediante HPLC, utilizando detectores apropiados.Algunos autores han estudiado los esteroles y los esteres de los esteroles en los subproductos de la refinación pero ninguno lo ha hecho hasta ahora con los glicosidos de los esteroles, que son son de gran importancia biológica.Este estudio aporta información sobre subproductos enriquecidos con ciertos componentes que pueden ser una fuente interesante de los mismos. En el trabajo se discute asimismo el papel de las condiciones de refinación sobre la eliminación de dichos componentes de los aceites tratados. Se ha encontrado que los jabones contienen cantidades variables de tocoferoles que oscilan entre 80 y 230 ppm; la cantidad total de AS y FS osciló entre 240 a 4000 mg/100g mientras que la concentración total de FSG y ASG varió entre 1120 a 6375 mg/100g. En caso de desodorización, los destilados contuvieron entre 960 to 7360ppm de tocoferol, mientras que el total de FS y AS se situó entre 1020 y 4160 mg/100g y el de los totales de FSG y ASG entre 395 y 880 mg/100g. PALABRAS-CLAVE: Análisis mediante HPLC -Esteroles acilados -Esteroles libres -Esterolglicosidos -Subproductos -Tocoferoles. SUMMARY HPLC evaluation of the minor lipid components of by-products resulting from edible oil processingAn analytical evaluation of some by-products resulting from edible oil refining processing steps has been carried out. By-product samples were taken from four different local refineries that apply chemical refining technology. Pretreatment of the representative samples of the by-products were done prior to analysis followed by chromatographic isolation and derivatization of the minor components, namely, free and acylated sterol (FS and AS) as well as free and acylated sterylglycosides (FSG and ASG). However, tocopherols were directly determined in the pretreated samples. HPLC, using HPLC evaluation of the minor lipid components of by-products resulting from edible oil processing This study throws light on the by -products enriched with certain minor components to be possibly utilized as sources for such components. Also, the role of the conditions of the refining steps followed in removing these valuable minor components from oils was discussed. It was found that soapstock samples contained various amounts of total tocopherols ranging from 80 to 230ppm; total FS and AS ra...

Conversion of by-products from the vegetable oil industry into biodiesel and its use in internal combustion engines: a review

“…Additionally, it contains material with some commercial value (Dumont and Narine, 2008;Garcia-Zapateiro et al, 2010;Verleyen et al, 2001;El-Mallah et al, 2006) as animal feed ingredient (Nang et al, 2009;Haslenda and Jamaludin, 2011). Several methods have been proposed to recover phytosterols from the deodorizer distillate VerleyenVerhe, 2001;Kasim et al, 2010;Fabian et al, 2009).…”

“…Several methods have been proposed to recover phytosterols from the deodorizer distillate VerleyenVerhe, 2001;Kasim et al, 2010;Fabian et al, 2009). The byproduct obtained through physical refining has a higher FFA content than that obtained by chemical refining (El-Mallah et al, 2006).…”

“…The unsaponifiable materials of FAD have been considered to be a potential source of highly valuable phytochemicals (Gapor, 2000;Naz et al, 2012) such as vitamin E, phytosterols, and squalene among others (Verleyen et al, 2001;Gunawan et al, 2008;Fabian et al, 2009;El-Mallah et al, 2006). The vitamin E profile of Malaysian FAD is 10.3 wt% of α-tocopherol, 18.7 wt% of α-tocotrienol, 49.8 wt% of γ-tocotrienol, and 14.6 wt% of δ-tocotrienol (Bonnie and Mohtar, 2009).…”

Quantification of free and esterified steryl glucosides in vegetable oils and biodiesel

“…The results presented showed that ESG were present at concentrations that were more than ten times higher than that of SG (mean values for seven samples: 230 mg/kg ESG and 10 mg/kg SG). In 2006, El-Mallah et al [10] proved that SG and ESG were partially eliminated during refining, mostly at the neutralization and the deodorization steps. Indeed, the total concentrations of ESG and SG were high in the soapstocks, around 1100 and 6400 mg/100 g, and much lower in the deodistillates from soybean oil refining, between 400 and 900 mg/100 g.…”

Method for the validation and uncertainty estimation of tocopherol analysis applied to soybean oil with addition of spices and TBHQ

“…According to Evans et al (2002), the tocopherol concentration in commercial oil depends on the steps and conditions used to convert the crude oil into an edible product; however, the individual relative concentration is not significantly changed. The relative concentration of the individual tocopherol is from 2 to 13% of α-tocol, from 1 to 5% of β-tocol, from 54 to 71% of γ-tocol and from 21 to 41% of d-tocol (Evans et al, 2002;El-Mallah et al, 2006;Carrão-Panizzi and Erhan, 2007). The individual relative value found for the α-tocol (15%) and for the d-tocol (17%) remained within the range reported by Schimidt and Pokorný (2005) (from 0.9 to 35% of α-tocol and 15 to 93% of d-tocol).…”