HPLC-ESI-MS Characterization of Certain Polyphenolic Compounds of Carica papaya L. Fruit Extracts and Evaluation of Their Potential Against Murine Schistosomiasis mansoni

Abstract

The antischistosomal activities of L. extracts were evaluated and the characterization of the active secondary metabolites of the defatted methanolic extract was performed using HPLC-ESI-MS. The plant fruit powders were extracted with 85% methanol and fractionated using organic solvents. The antischistosomal effects of the methanolic extracts and its fractions, as well as the assessment of the relationship between the antischistosomal activity of these plant extracts and oxidative stress, was determined. In addition, the defatted methanolic extract was characterized by HPLC-ESI-MS analysis. The number of worms, ova, and the Oogram pattern displayed typical pathology 8 weeks after infection in mice. Treatment of the infected group with the defatted methanolic extracts significantly decreased worm burden, immature ova and mature ova, while increasing the percentage of dead ova The butanol fraction was the most effective fraction reducing worm burden by 77%, ova count in the intestine by 76% and in the liver by 80%, and significantly decreased immature and mature ova (<0.001) compared to the infected group. Additionally, the defatted methanolic extracts improved the reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in hepatic tissues in the treated groups compared to the infected group. The HPLC-ESI-MS analysis of the defatted methanolic extract revealed the presence of several polyphenolic compounds. fruit extracts are rich with phenolic acids and flavonoids and show a significant effect against infections which may be used alternative to PZQ as anti-schistosomal drug against schistosomiasis.

Ameliorating Effect of Carica Papaya L. Fruit Extract on Entamoeba Histolytica in Mice

“…Aqueous extracts of C. papaya seeds caused a significant reduction in parasite burden of the mice attributed to the papain, which is capable of digesting bacteria and parasitic cells, hence its use as anthelmintic and antibiotic (Fajimi and Taiwo 2005). Abdel-Lateef et al (2018) reported that oral administration of defatted MeOH extract of C. papaya fruits (500mg/kg) decreased Schistosoma mansoni number in CD-1 mice by 36.4% and ova in intestine and liver tissues by 39.7% & 49.8%, respectively, but lower than praziquantel (94-96%). Also, the protective capacity of oral administration of crude extracts, MeOH, EtOAc or BuOH of C. papaya (100mg/kg) to mice infected with S. mansoni was 60.3%, 38.7%, 68.2%, & 52.7%, respectively.…”

“…Amazu et al (2010) reported anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract of the seeds of C. papaya in experimental animals, they interpreted these data by inhibitory action of extract against some mediators such as histamine, prostaglandins, nitric oxide, cytokines, platelets activating factor. HPLC-ESI-MS analysis of methanolic extract of C. papaya fruit caused a first-ordered compound p-hydroxybenzoic acid-tri-O-hexoside which is isomeric with 2-hydroxybenzoic or salicylic acid, a precursor to aspirin (Abdel-Lateef et al, 2018). The latter is a medication used to reduce pain, fever, or inflammation, so, anti-inflammatory effect of MeOH papaya fruit extract was attributed for the presence of p-hydroxybenzoic-acid-tri-O-hexoside in large amount in the extract.…”

“…Pharmaceutical Industries CO, Cairo, grinded into a white powder, and aquatic suspension was freshly prepared and given at a dose of 200mg/kg (Khan et al, 2019). The crude and purified C. papaya fruit extracts were given at dose of 500mg/kg (Abdel-Lateef et al, 2018). Mice were orally administered using a stainless-steel oral cannula.…”

Evaluation of the in vitro antischistosomal activity of Bidens sulphurea (Cav.) Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae)

“…In the literature, methanol extracts from different plants have been reported for their antischistosomal effects, such as those obtained from Eucalyptus globulus, 20 Furcraea selloa, 21 Jatropha curcas, 22 Momordica balsamina, 23 Carica papaya. 24 Actinopyga echinites, and Holothuria polii. 25 Many compounds isolated from methanol extracts have also been reported for their antischistosomal activities, such as the steroidal glycoside (saponin), 21 S. mansoni miracidia.…”

Histopathological Study on Mice Experimentally Infected With S. Mansoni and Treated by Neem and Mirazid

“…Host-parasite interactions in schistosomiasis help in understanding many important facts of the liver fibrosis (Andrade, 2009). The inflammatory granuloma formation around deposited eggs; granulomas were composed of macrophages, eosinophils and lymphocytes with proportion of cells varied in different organs characterizing schistosomiasis (Abdel-Lateef et al, 2018). Granuloma formation is a cellmediated immune response dependent on CD4+ T cells sensitized to schistosomal egg antigens.…”