HPLC Determination of Patulin in Apple Juice: A Single Center Study of Southwest Area of Iran

Jalali, Amir; Khorasgani, Zahra Nazari; Goudarzi, Mostafa; Khoshlesan, N.

doi:10.3923/jpt.2010.208.214

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Overall, 33% of the apple juice samples had PAT levels higher than 50 µg/kg with a maximum of 285 µg/kg (Cheraghali et al 2005). In another study conducted in the Southwest region of Iran, 13.3% of the apple juice samples had levels higher than 50 µg/kg with a maximum of 106.0 µg/kg (Jalali et al 2010), which was similar to data of this study. The average content of PAT in pear, white grape juice and peach juice concentrate was 22.9, 12.3 and 26.7 µg/ kg, respectively (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Worldwide contamination of fruit and fruit juices with PAT has been reported in Portugal (Barreira et al 2010), Brazil (Iha & Sabino 2008), China (Yuan et al 2010), Argentina (Funes & Resnik 2009), Greece (Moukas et al 2008), Spain (Murillo-Arbizu et al 2009), Italy (Ritieni 2003;Spadaro et al 2007), Romania (Catanã et al 2011) and Saudi Arabia (Al-Hazmi 2010). There is limited information about the natural occurrence of PAT in foodstuffs in Iran (Cheraghali et al 2005;Jalali et al 2010). Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to obtain more data about the occurrence of PAT in fruit juices commercialised in six cities in Iran and to evaluate its potential contribution to the dietary PAT exposure in Iranian consumers.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Patulin and its dietary intake by fruit juice consumption in Iran

Rahimi

Jeiran

2014

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B

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A survey was conducted to determine levels and dietary intake of patulin (PAT) from fruit juices consumed in Iran. PAT content was determined using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection in 161 samples of fruit juices including apple, pineapple, pear, peach, pomegranate and white and red grape juices. Results revealed the presence of PAT in 16.1% of the samples examined, ranging from 5 to 190.7 µg/kg. Average and median PAT content in positive samples was 34.5 and 18.5 µg/kg, respectively. PAT concentration in 2.5% of the samples was higher than the maximum limit as set by European regulations for PAT in fruit products (50 µg/kg). Estimated daily intake of PAT by fruit juice was 16.4, 45.9 and 74.6 ng/kg bw/day for Iranian adults, children and babies, respectively. The results of this study showed that PAT does not seem to be a problem in fruit-based drinks commercialised in Iran, except for apple juice.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patulin and its dietary intake by fruit juice consumption in Iran

Rahimi

Jeiran

2014

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B

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“…Occurrence of patulin was reported in apple-based products from Portugal (Martins et al 2002;Barreira et al 2010), Spain (Murillo-Arbizu et al 2009;Marin et al 2011), Italy (Piemontese et al 2005), Iran (Jalali et al 2010), Argentina (Funes & Resnik 2009) and Tunisia (Zaied et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Patulin in apple juices from the Romanian market

Oroian

Amariei

Gutt

2014

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B

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The aim of this study was to determine patulin levels in apple-based juices from the Romanian market and to establish a health risk assessment. For this purpose, 50 samples of apple-based juices have been purchased from the Romanian market. Aliquots were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate, analysed and quantified using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The patulin level in the apple juices from Romania ranged between <0.7 μg/l and 101.9 μg/l. In 6% of the 50 samples analysed, the maximum limit for patulin as set by the European Union (50 μg/l) was exceeded.

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“…The analysis of reports show frequent occurrence of patulin, although at different level, in apples and various apple-based food commodities from over the World, i.e., Qatar (Hammami et al 2017), Portugal (Barreira et al 2010), Spain (Murillo-Arbizu et al 2009Marsol-Vall et al 2014), Italy (Ritieni 2003;Piemontese et al 2005), Czech Republic (Vaclavikova et al 2015), Romania (Catana et al 2011;Oroian et al 2014), Tunisia (Zaied et al 2013;Zouaoui et al 2015), Brazil (Sargenti and Almeida 2010), Argentina (Funes and Resnik 2009), United States (Harris et al 2009), Iran (Jalali et al 2010;Forouzan and Madadlou 2014), Pakistan (Iqbal et al 2018), South Korea (Cho et al 2010), and Northeast China (Yuan et al 2010). According to published data, patulin concentration in the infected apples could reach 8.8-120.4 mg kg −1 (Piemontese et al 2005;Wu et al 2008;Gaspar and Lucena 2009) (Celli et al 2009).…”

Section: Patulin Occurrence In Fruit Commoditiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in the Monitoring of Patulin in Fruits Using Liquid Chromatography: an Overview

2018

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Patulin is a mycotoxin that exhibits a number of toxic effects in animals. The main sources of patulin intake in human diet that was shown for EU consumers are apple juice and nectar and for this reason, apple-based food is most often monitored for this mycotoxin. However, the presence of patulin in other fruits, including stone fruits, and soft fruits has been reported as well. Most of them are seasonal, suitable for consumption for short time, and are usually processed in order to be commercially available throughout the year. Patulin can also be generated during food storage and remains stable over food processing procedures. Therefore, constant monitoring of different fruit-based products ought to be carried out to provide proper estimation of human exposure to this toxin. The preferred approach used for mycotoxin determination in a variety of foods is liquid chromatography (LC) allowing quantitative analysis of patulin content. This paper presents recently proposed LC methods with ultraviolet and mass spectrometric detection for patulin quantification in fruits and derived products. We focus on developments in sample preparation and the applied analytical conditions.

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HPLC Determination of Patulin in Apple Juice: A Single Center Study of Southwest Area of Iran

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Patulin and its dietary intake by fruit juice consumption in Iran

Patulin and its dietary intake by fruit juice consumption in Iran

Patulin in apple juices from the Romanian market

Developments in the Monitoring of Patulin in Fruits Using Liquid Chromatography: an Overview

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