How Useful Is the SSN–Nipple Distance? An Analytical Questionnaire Survey on Anthropometric Measurements for the Aesthetically Ideal Positioning of the Nipple–Areolar Complex

Abstract

Several studies have attempted to identify the optimal anthropometric measurement for the aesthetically ideal positioning of the nipple–areolar complex. However, no standardised solutions and measurements for planning surgical procedures have been reached. The aim of this study is to identify the optimal anthropometric measurement between the suprasternal notch (SSN)–nipple distance and mid-clavicle (MC)–nipple distance for the aesthetic position of the nipple–areola complex (NAC) on the breast. A detailed online survey was sent to 300 board-certified plastic surgeons and residents of plastic surgery departments of hospitals in German, Austrian, and Swiss. A similar survey was also provided to 100 patients who had planned or had already undergone breast surgery. All participants were asked to rank the attractiveness of a series of women’s breasts in images with different NAC position measurements. The images showed breasts from two different measurements and distances: all the breasts had equal dimensions and proportions and the same areola size. Complete datasets were obtained from 203 of the 300 board-certified plastic surgeons and residents of plastic surgery departments in German-speaking countries (recall 68%) and from 100 patients. The majority of doctors and patients find a symmetrical breast with a mirrored position of the nipple–areola complex more attractive than a non-symmetrical breast. In cases with minor measurement differences, such as 0.5 cm (SSN vs. MC), there is no relevant difference in the breast symmetry. However, at larger distances, the MC-to-nipple distance is superior for achieving aesthetically appealing symmetry compared with the SSN-to-nipple distance. Using the MC-to-nipple distance seems to be superior for correct nipple positioning than the SSN-to-nipple distance and is a valuable preoperative measurement option for breast symmetry with correct nipple height. Further studies on this topic involving a more general population should be conducted to confirm the improvements in perception with the preoperative measurements using the anatomical landmarks.

Evaluation of Intraoperative Volumetric Assessment of Breast Volume Using 3D Handheld Stereo Photogrammetric Device

“…Precise preoperative markings and appropriate adherence to them during surgery used to be the key elements for achieving postoperative breast volume and symmetry [ 7 , 15 , 16 , 25 , 26 ]. However, evaluating the intraoperative volume seems to play a crucial role in achieving the best possible postoperative aesthetic results [ 35 ].…”

“…Breast volume is a crucial factor and a key metric that defines breast symmetry, influencing cosmesis and patient satisfaction after breast surgery [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Several objective methods for evaluating breast volume and symmetry are widely used, and these methods are based on linear distances such as anthropometric measurements [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], volumetric measurements using medical imaging technology [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], techniques like water displacement [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], and casting techniques [ 17 , 18 ]. Three-dimensional (3D) photographic imaging measurements are increasingly gaining a role in breast surgery.…”