How to Predict Metastasis in Luminal Breast Cancer? Current Solutions and Future Prospects

Tabor, Sylwia; Szostakowska-Rodzoś, Małgorzata; Fabisiewicz, Anna; Grzybowska, Ewa A.

doi:10.3390/ijms21218415

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Although there were recent improvements in early detection and progress in surgical techniques and multimodal therapy, and the clinical outcomes and quality of life have improved, breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death for women ( Waks and Winer, 2019 ). Moreover, some breast cancer patients still develop recurrence and metastasis even after curative resection and neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy ( Tabor et al, 2020 ). Therefore, accurate prediction of prognosis is needed to improve patient survival and identify those patients who are more likely to benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) in Patients With Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy as a Useful Prognostic Indicator

Chen

Bai

Kong

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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ObjectivePrognostic nutritional index (PNI), calculated as serum albumin (ALB) (g/L) + 5 × total lymphocyte count (109/L), is initially used to evaluate nutritional status in patients undergoing surgery and may evaluate the therapeutic effects and predict the survival of various solid tumors. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential prognostic significance of PNI in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).MethodsA total of 785 breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in this retrospective study. The optimal cutoff value of PNI by receiver operating characteristic curve stratified patients into a low-PNI group (<51) and a high PNI group (≥51). The associations between breast cancer and clinicopathological variables by PNI were determined by chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Kaplan–Meier plots and log-rank test were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The prognostic value of PNI was analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. The toxicity of NACT was accessed by the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC).ResultsThe results indicated that PNI had prognostic significance by an optimal cutoff value of 51 on DFS and OS in univariate and multivariate Cox regression survival analyses. Breast cancer patients with a high PNI value had longer DFS and OS than those with a low PNI value [47.64 vs. 36.60 months, P < 0.0001, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.264, 95%CI = 0.160–0.435; 73.61 vs. 64.97 months, P < 0.0001, HR = 0.319, 95%CI = 0.207–0.491, respectively]. Furthermore, the results indicated that patients with high PNI had longer DFS and OS than those with low PNI in early stage and advanced breast cancer, especially in advanced breast cancer. The mean DFS and OS times for breast cancer patients with high PNI by the log-rank test were longer than in those with low PNI in different molecular subtypes. Moreover, the mean DFS and OS times in patients with high PNI by the log-rank test were longer than in those patients with low PNI without or with lymph vessel invasion. The common toxicities after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were hematologic and gastrointestinal reaction, and the PNI had no significance on the toxicities of all enrolled patients, except in anemia, leukopenia, and myelosuppression.ConclusionPretreatment PNI with the advantages of being convenient, noninvasive, and reproducible was a useful prognostic indicator for breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and is a promising biomarker for breast cancer on treatment strategy decisions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). Moreover, some breast cancer patients still develop recurrence and metastasis even after curative resection and neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy (Tabor et al, 2020). Therefore, accurate prediction of prognosis is needed to improve patient survival and identify those patients who are more likely to benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) in Patients With Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy as a Useful Prognostic Indicator

Chen

Bai

Kong

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…A large-scale retrospective study conducted by Maren et al., in 2018 showed that among 8062 BC patients, 4482 (56%) were luminal A and 2090 (26%) luminal B with recurrence rates of 14.9% and 29.5%, respectively. Distant metastases were experienced by 9.5% of patients with luminal A BC and 20.0% in luminal B BC [ 35 , 44 ]. Bone and Lung were the most common metastatic sites of luminal BC patients [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective literature review of primary neuroendocrine neoplasms of the breast (BNEN) in 209 Chinese patients: Treatment and prognostic factor analysis

Chai

Liu

et al. 2022

The Breast

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Background: The prognostic factors and optimal choice of treatment for primary neuroendocrine neoplasms of the breast (BNEN) remain to be defined. Methods: Patients diagnosed with BNEN in China were retrospectively reviewed from the literature following the systematic search of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese biomedical literature service system (sinomed), wanfang medical network, and Pubmed database. The clinical characteristics and different treatment modalities of patients with BNEN were evaluated. Results: A total of 209 cases with BNEN were enrolled. There were 204 female and 5 male patients. The median age was 51 years old (range, 17e82). Out of 209 patients with BNEN, 208 (99.5%) patients were treated with surgery (SG), 44 patients (21.1%) had received radiotherapy (RT), 173 patients (82.8%) experienced chemotherapy (CT). A total of 158 patients with hormone receptor (HR) positive (87.8%, 158/ 180) were treated with endocrine treatment (ET). The median follow-up time was 52.4 months (range, 6 e144). The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate and 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate for the whole group were 93.7% and 85.3%, respectively. In univariate analyses, Ki67 expression 20%, HR negative, neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) were associated with decreased OS and DFS (P < 0.05). Patients treated with anthracycline/taxane-containing CT regimens, or taxane-containing CT regimens had superior OS and DFS than patients without those (P < 0.05). Among 69 patients with stage I who received CT had no significant differences in OS or DFS compared to those without CT. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that gender, HR expression, pathologic subtype, and CT were independent prognostic factors for DFS but not OS (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The best selection of patients to get the most benefit from different treatment modalities warrant further exploration. The clinicopathological parameters including gender, HR expression, ki67 expression, pathologic type, stage, tumor size, and lymph node status may serve as both indicators of diagnosis and prognosis, and guide treatment decisions for BNEN.

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“…Mammary cancer is the most common cancer among women, and it is also the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women ( 80 ). 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene (DMBA) is considered an effective chemical for inducing breast cancer and has been used to induce breast cancer in rodents ( 81 , 82 ).…”

Section: Methods For Constructing Tree Shrew Cancer Models and Theirmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tree Shrew as a Model for Cancer Research

Peng

Zhong

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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Animal disease models are necessary in medical research, and an appropriate animal model is of great importance for studies about the prevention or treatment of cancer. The most important thing in the selection of animal models is to consider the similarity between animals and humans. The tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) is a squirrel-like mammal which placed in the order Scandentia. Whole-genome sequencing has revealed that tree shrews are extremely similar to primate and humans than to rodents, with many highly conserved genes, which makes the data from studies that use tree shrews as models more convincing and the research outcomes more easily translatable. In tumor research, tree shrews are often used as animal models for hepatic and mammary cancers. As research has progressed, other types of tree shrew tumor models have been developed and exhibit clinical manifestations similar to those of humans. Combining the advantages of both rodents and primates, the tree shrew is expected to be the most powerful animal model for studying tumors.

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How to Predict Metastasis in Luminal Breast Cancer? Current Solutions and Future Prospects

Cited by 16 publications

References 128 publications

Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) in Patients With Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy as a Useful Prognostic Indicator

Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) in Patients With Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy as a Useful Prognostic Indicator

Retrospective literature review of primary neuroendocrine neoplasms of the breast (BNEN) in 209 Chinese patients: Treatment and prognostic factor analysis

The Tree Shrew as a Model for Cancer Research

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