How to measure social impacts? A socio-eco-efficiency analysis by the SEEBALANCE® method

A review of life cycle based ecological marketing strategy for new product development in the organizational environment

“…and standards communicate these changes to consumers (SC Johnson, 2004, SC Johnson, 2010. For Toyota, the process started with a pilot project in relation to packaging, with agreement that there is the potential to broaden how streamlined LCA tools could be applied to other products or processes (Sterling, 2007 (Kölsch et al, 2008, Saling et al, 2002, da Silva, 2008, Uhlman and Saling, 2010 (Hughson, 2008, Lockrey and. In the past, the organization relied on external expert consultants to explain the ecological sustainability credentials of a product or service, guided by clear protocols as to how to commission and interpret LCAs formulated globally out of the head office in Switzerland.…”

“…Marketing outputs using LCA are often at a corporate or brand level, or part of broader sustainability frameworks (ECRM, 2010, SC Johnson, 2004, SC Johnson, 2010, Sterling, 2007, Kölsch et al, 2008, Saling et al, 2002, da Silva, 2008, Uhlman and Saling, 2010). An opportunity is apparent for marketing departments to engage more with streamlined LCA tools to increase the viability and incidence of life cycle marketing strategy projects at a product level that ultimately then use a full LCA (Baumann et al, 2002, Lockrey, 2011, Rio et al, 2013.…”

Changing from petroleum to wood-based materials: critical review of how product sustainability characteristics can be assessed and compared

“…SocioEcoEfficiency Analysis (SEEbalance) sets out to compare the sustainability of products and processes from a holistic perspective (Kölsch et al, 2008;Saling et al, 2005;Schmidt et al, 2004). It is a further development of the Eco-efficiency analysis, and it is developed and used by the chemicals producer BASF (Saling et al, 2002).…”

Combining REACH, environmental and economic performance indicators for strategic sustainable product development

“…Previous publications exist where risk phrases (R-phrases) and hazard symbols are used as a basis for ranking of chemical hazard aspects associated with products, e.g. Saling et al (2002), Landsiedel and Saling (2002), Bunke et al (2003), Saling et al (2005), Willum (2006), Kölsch et al (2008) and Bidoki and Wittlinger (2010). BASF have used an approach that ranks R-phrases for many products, such as diesel and biodiesel (Kölsch et al, 2008), and PVC and alternative plastics (Bidoki and Wittlinger, 2010).…”

“…Saling et al (2002), Landsiedel and Saling (2002), Bunke et al (2003), Saling et al (2005), Willum (2006), Kölsch et al (2008) and Bidoki and Wittlinger (2010). BASF have used an approach that ranks R-phrases for many products, such as diesel and biodiesel (Kölsch et al, 2008), and PVC and alternative plastics (Bidoki and Wittlinger, 2010). Comparisons between risk assessment and LCA and the use of risk assessment data in LCA assessments (which provide environmental indicators for product development) have been considered by authors such as Owens (1997), Olsen et al (2001), Cowell et al (2002), Willum (2006), Pennington et al (2006) and Askham (2012).…”