How to Make a Cocktail of Palladium Catalysts with Cola and Alcohol: Heteroatom Doping vs. Nanoscale Morphology of Carbon Supports

Abstract

Sparkling drinks such as cola can be considered an affordable and inexpensive starting material consisting of carbohydrates and sulfur- and nitrogen-containing organic substances in phosphoric acid, which makes them an excellent precursor for the production of heteroatom-doped carbon materials. In this study, heteroatom-doped carbon materials were successfully prepared in a quick and simple manner using direct carbonization of regular cola and diet cola. The low content of carbon in diet cola allowed reaching a higher level of phosphorus in the prepared carbon material, as well as obtaining additional doping with nitrogen and sulfur due to the presence of sweeteners and caffeine. Effects of carbon support doping with phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur, as well as of changes in textural properties by ball milling, on the catalytic activity of palladium catalysts were investigated in the Suzuki–Miyaura and Mizoroki–Heck reactions. Contributions of the heteroatom doping and specific surface area of the carbon supports to the increased activity of supported catalysts were discussed. Additionally, the possibility of these reactions to proceed in 40% potable ethanol was studied. Moreover, transformation of various palladium particles (complexes and nanoparticles) in the reaction medium was detected by mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy, which evidenced the formation of a cocktail of catalysts in a commercial 40% ethanol/water solution.

The effect of the DNA support on Pd/DNA catalyzed organic transformations

“…Over the last decade, Ananikov and co-workers have described cocktail-type dynamic systems during catalytic reactions, wherein transformations occur between molecular species, leaching, aggregation, and various interconversions of molecular species, clusters, and nanoparticles. 11,26,58,75,76 Trzeciak and co-workers also demonstrated a cocktail-type dynamic catalytic system in the carbonylative Sonogashira reaction, where leached palladium species and DNA supported Pd NPs were the active species for the catalytic transformation. 4).…”

Phosphorus-Doped Activated Coconut Shell Carbon-Anchored Highly Dispersed Pt for the Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene to p-Aminophenol

“…For heterogeneous metal catalysts, the metal particle size and the support nature have been demonstrated to influence the catalytic performance for the selective hydrogenation of NB. − Generally, highly dispersed metal nanoparticles will result in a high catalytic activity, and the electronic properties of metal sites will affect the selectivity of the hydrogenation of the nitro group. , Recently, surface-modified activated carbon materials, as versatile catalyst supports, have attracted increased interest because of their low cost and excellent chemical stability; additionally, their surface properties can be modulated by heteroatom doping (N, P, S, etc. ). − The doping of phosphorus to carbon materials can enhance the interaction effect between metal sites and support and change the geometrical structure. , …”

Sweet, Sugar-Coated Hierarchical Platinum Nanostructures for Easy Support, Heterogenization and Separation

“…Polyols, similar to ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol and poly(vinyl alcohol), have long been known as reducing agents in M-NP synthesis [18] and, at the same time, provide the needed stabilization [13,14]. Versatile and widely available carbohydrates [6,19] can be used as reducing, stabilizing and capping agents, fulfilling multiple roles simultaneously during synthesis [4,5]. Modified carbohydrates could control the size and shape of gold and silver nanostructures [4], and sugar-capped gold nanoparticles have been used for medical applications [20,21] and as sensors [22].…”

“…We are not aware of saccharide coatings being used for catalytically active nanoparticles at large. Upon Chemistry 2022, 4 1148 mild decomposition of the carbohydrate, such as caramelization, the formed polymeric carbohydrates may also be used as in situ support material [19].…”