How to lose a hand: Sensory updating drives disembodiment

Pfister, Roland; Klaffehn, Annika Laura; Kalckert, Andreas; Kunde, Wilfried; Dignath, David

doi:10.3758/s13423-020-01854-0

Cited by 13 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, in most daily life activities, we do not perceive any discrepancies or mismatches. On the other hand, experimental situations have demonstrated how these two components can be deconstructed (also independently of each other) and reconstructed over an entity different from the actual own body by exploiting the same multisensory integration process that leads to the assimilation of the minimal self (Tsakiris, 2010): in the rubber hand illusion (RHI) (Botvinick and Cohen, 1998), the sense of body ownership is deconstructed (Moseley et al, 2008(Moseley et al, , 2012Burin et al, 2017;Pfister et al, 2020) and reconstructed over a prosthetic hand that is simultaneously touched (and seen) with the real subject's hand (not seen) by integrating body-related afferent signals (Pyasik et al, 2018(Pyasik et al, , 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated Exposure to Illusory Sense of Body Ownership and Agency Over a Moving Virtual Body Improves Executive Functioning and Increases Prefrontal Cortex Activity in the Elderly

Burin

Kawashima

2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We previously showed that the illusory sense of ownership and agency over a moving body in immersive virtual reality (displayed in a first-person perspective) can trigger subjective and physiological reactions on the real subject’s body and, therefore, an acute improvement of cognitive functions after a single session of high-intensity intermittent exercise performed exclusively by one’s own virtual body, similar to what happens when we actually do physical activity. As well as confirming previous results, here, we aimed at finding in the elderly an increased improvement after a longer virtual training with similar characteristics. Forty-two healthy older subjects (28 females, average age = 71.71 years) completed a parallel-group randomized controlled trial (RCT; UMIN000039843, umin.ac.jp) including an adapted version of the virtual training previously used: while sitting, participants observed the virtual body in a first-person perspective (1PP) or a third-person perspective (3PP) performing 20 min of virtual high-intensity intermittent exercise (vHIE; the avatar switched between fast and slow walking every 2 min). This was repeated twice a week for 6 weeks. During the vHIE, we measured the heart rate and administered questionnaires to evaluate illusory body ownership and agency. Before the beginning of the intervention, immediately after the first session of vHIE, and at the end of the entire intervention, we evaluated the cognitive performance at the Stroop task with online recording of the hemodynamic activity over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. While we confirm previous results regarding the virtual illusion and its physiological effects, we did not find significant cognitive or neural improvement immediately after the first vHIE session. As a novelty, in the 1PP group only, we detected a significant decrease in the response time of the Stroop task in the post-intervention assessment compared to its baseline; coherently, we found an increased activation on left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) after the entire intervention. While the current results strengthen the impact of the virtual full-body illusion and its physiological consequences on the elderly as well, they might have stronger and more established body representations. Perhaps, a longer and increased exposure to those illusions is necessary to initiate the cascade of events that culminates to an improved cognitive performance.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated Exposure to Illusory Sense of Body Ownership and Agency Over a Moving Virtual Body Improves Executive Functioning and Increases Prefrontal Cortex Activity in the Elderly

Burin

Kawashima

2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More specifically, perceived ownership refers to the experience that we have a body that belongs to us, while agency refers to the experience of being the cause or author of an action (Gallagher, 2000(Gallagher, , 2007Moore & Fletcher, 2012). Ownership and agency have often been investigated by means of the virtual hand illusion (VHI; Slater et al, 2008;Sanchez-Vives et al, 2010), a virtual version of the rubber hand illusion (RHI; Botvinick & Cohen, 1998;Pfister et al, 2020), in which participants are confronted with virtual extensions of their body on a screen or presented through virtual reality head-mounted displays, while wearing a data glove that translates movement of their real hand into movements of the virtual effector. When the real and virtual hands move in synchrony, participants have a much stronger feeling that the virtual effector belongs to them (sense of ownership) and that they can cause or control the action of this virtual effector (sense of agency) than when the real and virtual hands move asynchronously (e.g., with a temporal delay of the former to the latter).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive load dissociates explicit and implicit measures of body ownership and agency

Hommel

2021

Psychon Bull Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is often claimed that the human self consists of perceived body ownership and agency, which are commonly assessed through explicit ownership and agency judgments and implicit measures, like proprioceptive drift, skin conductance responses, and intentional binding effects. Bottom-up multisensory integration and top-down modulation were predicted to be important for ownership and agency. In previous studies, cognitive load was revealed to affect the sense of agency in a top-down fashion, but its effect on ownership has not been fully investigated, not even its possibly different effect on explicit and implicit measures.Here we used cognitive load (small vs. large sets in a working-memory task) to disentangle explicit and implicit measures of ownership and agency in a task inducing the virtual hand illusion (VHI; stronger perceived ownership and agency over a virtual hand if it moves in synchrony with one's real hand). Results showed similar patterns for ownership and agencyboth ownership and agency were affected by cognitive load, and importantly in the explicit measures, higher load increased the effect of synchrony (i.e., the VHI), but in implicit measures, higher load reduced indications of both ownership and agency. Hence, the load manipulation was selective with regard to the explicit versus implicit nature of the measure but not with respect to the measure's content. This provides strong evidence that explicit and implicit measures of both ownership and agency rely on at least partly separable informational sources, while the difference between ownership and agency as such does not seem to play a major role.

show abstract

“…Third, we were interested in subjective measures of SoO (i.e., questionnaires) and HPT; thus, proprioceptive drift was not conducted in Experiment 2. This is because we contend that measuring the proprioceptive drift would reduce the degree of illusion ( Perepelkina et al, 2018 ; Pfister et al, 2021 ) and might affect the evaluation of the HPT.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verbal Suggestion Modulates the Sense of Ownership and Heat Pain Threshold During the “Injured” Rubber Hand Illusion

Tanaka

Hayashida

Morioka

2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The appearance of the self-body influences the feeling that one’s body belongs to oneself, that is, a sense of ownership (SoO) and pain perception. This can be identified by measuring the SoO and pain thresholds after performing the rubber hand illusion (RHI) with an injured rubber hand. The generation of SoO is thought to be caused by multisensory integration of bottom-up factors (vision, proprioceptive, and touch), and by top-down factors, such as the context effect. The appearance is one of the context effects which may become more effective when used simultaneously with other context effects (e.g., verbal suggestion). However, in the RHI, when appearance and other context effects are used simultaneously, the effect is unclear. In this study, we attempted to identify the influence of verbal suggestion on the SoO and heat pain threshold (HPT). As a preliminary step, in Experiment 1, the “normal” rubber hand and “penetrated nail” as injured rubber hand were used to clarify the context effect with appearance alone during RHI (synchronous/asynchronous), which was conducted within-subjects. In Experiment 2, we only used the “penetrated nail” rubber hand to clarify the context effect with verbal suggestion and appearance during RHI. We randomly classified participants into two suggestion groups (“fear” and “no-fear”). The RHI (synchronous/asynchronous) was conducted for each group. In each experiment, the effect of each condition was assessed by subjective measures of SoO, such as questionnaire, and objective measures of SoO, such as proprioceptive drift and electrodermal activity. Following RHI in each condition, HPT was measured. The main finding was that, in the synchronous condition, the “penetrated nail” appearance with “fear” verbal suggestion modulated questionnaire and HPT, but not electrodermal activity. We conclude that the context-included multisensory integration affected the subjective factors because it contains a higher cognitive process by verbal suggestion.

show abstract

How to lose a hand: Sensory updating drives disembodiment

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Repeated Exposure to Illusory Sense of Body Ownership and Agency Over a Moving Virtual Body Improves Executive Functioning and Increases Prefrontal Cortex Activity in the Elderly

Repeated Exposure to Illusory Sense of Body Ownership and Agency Over a Moving Virtual Body Improves Executive Functioning and Increases Prefrontal Cortex Activity in the Elderly

Cognitive load dissociates explicit and implicit measures of body ownership and agency

Verbal Suggestion Modulates the Sense of Ownership and Heat Pain Threshold During the “Injured” Rubber Hand Illusion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About