Cognitive load dissociates explicit and implicit measures of body ownership and agency

Qu, Jinping; Ma, Ke; Hommel, Bernhard

doi:10.3758/s13423-021-01931-y

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…Our questionnaire scores suggest that while the ownership felt towards our robotic finger was limited, participants clearly felt a sense of agency towards it. Our results thus again show the distinction between agency and ownership 37 – 39 . But is the robotic finger treated as a tool rather than an additional limb?…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Bodily ownership of an independent supernumerary limb: an exploratory study

Umezawa

Suzuki

Ganesh

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Can our brain perceive a sense of ownership towards an independent supernumerary limb; one that can be moved independently of any other limb and provides its own independent movement feedback? Following the rubber-hand illusion experiment, a plethora of studies have shown that the human representation of “self” is very plastic. But previous studies have almost exclusively investigated ownership towards “substitute” artificial limbs, which are controlled by the movements of a real limb and/or limbs from which non-visual sensory feedback is provided on an existing limb. Here, to investigate whether the human brain can own an independent artificial limb, we first developed a novel independent robotic “sixth finger.” We allowed participants to train using the finger and examined whether it induced changes in the body representation using behavioral as well as cognitive measures. Our results suggest that unlike a substitute artificial limb (like in the rubber hand experiment), it is more difficult for humans to perceive a sense of ownership towards an independent limb. However, ownership does seem possible, as we observed clear tendencies of changes in the body representation that correlated with the cognitive reports of the sense of ownership. Our results provide the first evidence to show that an independent supernumerary limb can be embodied by humans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Bodily ownership of an independent supernumerary limb: an exploratory study

Umezawa

Suzuki

Ganesh

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…These observations point at the need of a task re-design for facilitating the execution of the biofeedback training, especially considering the high inter-subject variability of the successful trials in this study (pointing at potential usability issues for certain participants) and the potential effects of workload on body ownership measures (Qu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Exploring the Embodiment of a Virtual Hand in a Spatially Augmented Respiratory Biofeedback Setting

et al. 2021

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Enhancing the embodiment of artificial limbs—the individuals' feeling that a virtual or robotic limb is integrated in their own body scheme—is an impactful strategy for improving prosthetic technology acceptance and human-machine interaction. Most studies so far focused on visuo-tactile strategies to empower the embodiment processes. However, novel approaches could emerge from self-regulation techniques able to change the psychophysiological conditions of an individual. Accordingly, this pilot study investigates the effects of a self-regulated breathing exercise on the processes of body ownership underlying the embodiment of a virtual right hand within a Spatially Augmented Respiratory Biofeedback (SARB) setting. This investigation also aims at evaluating the feasibility of the breathing exercise enabled by a low-cost SARB implementation designed for upcoming remote studies (a need emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic). Twenty-two subjects without impairments, and two transradial prosthesis users for a preparatory test, were asked (in each condition of a within-group design) to maintain a normal (about 14 breaths/min) or slow (about 6 breaths/min) respiratory rate to keep a static virtual right hand “visible” on a screen. Meanwhile, a computer-generated sphere moved from left to right toward the virtual hand during each trial (1 min) of 16. If the participant's breathing rate was within the target (slow or normal) range, a visuo-tactile event was triggered by the sphere passing under the virtual hand (the subjects observed it shaking while they perceived a vibratory feedback generated by a smartphone). Our results—mainly based on questionnaire scores and proprioceptive drift—highlight that the slow breathing condition induced higher embodiment than the normal one. This preliminary study reveals the feasibility and potential of a novel psychophysiological training strategy to enhance the embodiment of artificial limbs. Future studies are needed to further investigate mechanisms, efficacy and generalizability of the SARB techniques in training a bionic limb embodiment.

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“…A similar finding can be observed for attempts to validate physiological measures of embodiment (e.g., Ehrsson et al, 2008;Petkova and Ehrsson, 2008) or presence (Meehan et al, 2002) with questionnaires, where some studies report their physiological measures to be in accordance with sensations described in the administered questionnaire (Slater et al, 2010b;Yu et al, 2012;Preuss and Ehrsson, 2019), but others fail to find such a relationship (e.g., Peperkorn et al, 2015;Kokkinara et al, 2016;Eftekharifar et al, 2020). Validating objective measures is additionally challenged by findings showing that objective and subjective measures, for both, ownership and agency, do not entirely depend on the same underlying information (Ma et al, 2021;Qu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Measures Of Embodiment and Presencementioning

confidence: 99%

Why we Should Rethink Our Approach to Embodiment and Presence

Forster

Karimpur

Fiehler

2022

Front. Virtual Real.

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When interacting with objects in the environment, it feels natural to have a body which moves in accordance to our intentions. Virtual reality (VR) provides a tool to present users with an alternative virtual body and environment. In VR, humans embody the presented virtual body and feel present in the virtual environment. Thus, embodiment and presence frequently co-occur and share some communalities. Nevertheless, both processes have been hardly considered together. Here, we review the current literature on embodiment and presence and present a new conceptual framework, the Implied Body Framework (IBF), which unifies both processes into one single construct. The IBF can be used to generate new hypotheses to further improve the theoretical conceptualisation of embodiment and presence and thus, facilitate its transfer into application.

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Cognitive load dissociates explicit and implicit measures of body ownership and agency

Cited by 13 publications

References 44 publications

Bodily ownership of an independent supernumerary limb: an exploratory study

Bodily ownership of an independent supernumerary limb: an exploratory study

Exploring the Embodiment of a Virtual Hand in a Spatially Augmented Respiratory Biofeedback Setting

Why we Should Rethink Our Approach to Embodiment and Presence

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