How to Improve Toxicity Assessment? From Single-Species Tests to Mesocosms and Field Studies

Ecotoxicogenomics Concept and Its Contributions to Ecological Risk Assessment

“…Bu sayede araştırıcılar, endokrin bozucu süreçlerde yer alan reseptörlerin detaylı moleküler karakterizasyonları ile olan gen ekspresyon çalışmalarından faydalanarak, bu gelişmenin bir fenotipik yanıt üretmede moleküler olayların rolünün anlaşılmasını sağlamışlardır. [87][88][89]. Tutarlı bir çerçeve oluşturmak için sürecin her seviyesinde en az bir son nokta olmalıdır.…”

The use of integrative approaches to characterize new mechanisms of toxicity of pollutants in the aquatic environment

“…abiotic, geographical and additional stressors among others, constitutes a new pressing challenge for the scientific community (Floury et al, 2017;Navarro-Ortega et al, 2015). All this increases the inherent difficulties of field studies, in which potential interactions among different chemicals and their interplay with environmental factors make the identification of sublethal toxic triggers extremely challenging (Amiard-Triquet, 2015;Hooper et al, 2013;Laetz et al, 2015).…”

“…organismal or community, and hence may offer a more sensitive early warning of toxicological risk within a community or ecosystem (Clements, 2000). However, until now, their overall relevance to provide unambiguous and ecologically significant information on the exposure/effects of toxicants has been under discussion (Amiard-Triquet et al, 2015;Forbes et al, 2006;Moore et al, 2004;Walker et al, 2012): in fact, although individual biomarkers play an important role in gaining relevant insights into the mechanisms of toxicity on whole-organism performance and are useful indicators of exposure, they seem not entirely reliable in providing useful predictions on relevant ecological effects (Forbes et al, 2006). Thus, it is important to highlight how, although all biomarkers provide useful knowledge on the exposure or effects, not all of them may be suitable for use in ERA .…”