How to discover a metabolic pathway? An update on gene identification in aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis, regulation and transport

Jensen, Lea Møller; Halkier, Barbara Ann; Burow, Meike

doi:10.1515/hsz-2013-0286

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These scans identified two additional peaks in Sweden, but no genes related to GSL biosynthesis were located within 20 kbp. We also calculated both GSL ratios for compounds on adjacent steps of the biosynthetic pathway and composite GSLs (1,22). This strategy also failed to identify GSL loci other than GS-ELONG, GS-AOP/GS-OHP, and GS-OH (see Dataset S1 for all association mapping results).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Coselected genes determine adaptive variation in herbivore resistance throughout the native range of Arabidopsis thaliana

Brachi

Meyer

Villoutreix

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

121

176

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The "mustard oil bomb" is a major defense mechanism in the Brassicaceae, which includes crops such as canola and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. These plants produce and store blends of amino acid-derived secondary metabolites called glucosinolates. Upon tissue rupture by natural enemies, the myrosinase enzyme hydrolyses glucosinolates, releasing defense molecules. Brassicaceae display extensive variation in the mixture of glucosinolates that they produce. To investigate the genetics underlying natural variation in glucosinolate profiles, we conducted a large genomewide association study of 22 methionine-derived glucosinolates using A. thaliana accessions from across Europe. We found that 36% of among accession variation in overall glucosinolate profile was explained by genetic differentiation at only three known loci from the glucosinolate pathway. Glucosinolate-related SNPs were up to 490-fold enriched in the extreme tail of the genome-wide F ST scan, indicating strong selection on loci controlling this pathway. Glucosinolate profiles displayed a striking longitudinal gradient with alkenyl and hydroxyalkenyl glucosinolates enriched in the West. We detected a significant contribution of glucosinolate loci toward general herbivore resistance and lifetime fitness in common garden experiments conducted in France, where accessions are enriched in hydroxyalkenyls. In addition to demonstrating the adaptive value of glucosinolate profile variation, we also detected long-distance linkage disequilibrium at two underlying loci, GS-OH and GS-ELONG. Locally cooccurring alleles at these loci display epistatic effects on herbivore resistance and fitness in ecologically realistic conditions. Together, our results suggest that natural selection has favored a locally adaptive configuration of physically unlinked loci in Western Europe.Arabidopsis thaliana | glucosinolates | genome-wide association mapping | linkage disequilibrium | adaptation

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Coselected genes determine adaptive variation in herbivore resistance throughout the native range of Arabidopsis thaliana

Brachi

Meyer

Villoutreix

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

121

176

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show abstract

“…The level to which these and other biosynthetic genes are expressed depends on the stimuli that initiate transcription, which can be both biotic and abiotic in nature. The relationship with primary sulfur metabolism is also important for GSL production, as two to three sulfur atoms are required per aliphatic GSL molecule 94 .…”

Section: Breeding For Increased Glucosinolate Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement Of Glucosinolate and Isothiocyanate Profiles in Brassicaceae Crops: Addressing Challenges in Breeding for Cultivation, Storage, and Consumer-Related Traits

Bell

Wagstaff

2017

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Glucosinolates (GSLs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs) produced by Brassicaceae plants are popular targets for analysis due to the health benefits associated with them. Breeders aim to increase the concentrations in commercial varieties; however, there are few examples of this. The most well-known is Beneforté broccoli, which has increased glucoraphanin/sulforaphane concentrations compared to those of conventional varieties. It was developed through traditional breeding methods with considerations for processing, consumption, and health made throughout this process. Many studies presented in the literature do not take a holistic approach, and key points about breeding, cultivation methods, postharvest storage, sensory attributes, and consumer preferences are not properly taken into account. In this review, we draw together data for multiple species and address how such factors can influence GSL profiles. We encourage researchers and institutions to engage with industry and consumers to produce research that can be utilized in the improvement of Brassicaceae crops.

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“…Interestingly, HY5 not only promotes numerous genes, but also seemed to repress MYBs. MYBs are a group of transcription factors, which are also involved in the control of Gl biosynthetic genes ( Gigolashvili et al, 2007a , b , 2008 ; Hirai et al, 2007 ; Sønderby et al, 2007 ; Malitsky et al, 2008 ; Sønderby et al, 2010 ; Li et al, 2013 ; Jensen et al, 2014 ). AtSOT16 was significantly down regulated in myb34 myb51 myb122-2 triple mutant, revealing the specific control of these transcription factors ( Frerigmann and Gigolashvili, 2014 ).…”

Section: Expression Of Sulfotransferasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multi-protein family of sulfotransferases in plants: composition, occurrence, substrate specificity, and functions

Hirschmann¹,

Krause²,

Papenbrock³

2014

Front. Plant Sci.

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All members of the sulfotransferase (SOT, EC 2.8.2.-) protein family transfer a sulfuryl group from the donor 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to an appropriate hydroxyl group of several classes of substrates. The primary structure of these enzymes is characterized by a histidine residue in the active site, defined PAPS binding sites and a longer SOT domain. Proteins with this SOT domain occur in all organisms from all three domains, usually as a multi-protein family. Arabidopsis thaliana SOTs, the best characterized SOT multi-protein family, contains 21 members. The substrates for several plant enzymes have already been identified, such as glucosinolates, brassinosteroids, jasmonates, flavonoids, and salicylic acid. Much information has been gathered on desulfo-glucosinolate (dsGl) SOTs in A. thaliana. The three cytosolic dsGl SOTs show slightly different expression patterns. The recombinant proteins reveal differences in their affinity to indolic and aliphatic dsGls. Also the respective recombinant dsGl SOTs from different A. thaliana ecotypes differ in their kinetic properties. However, determinants of substrate specificity and the exact reaction mechanism still need to be clarified. Probably, the three-dimensional structures of more plant proteins need to be solved to analyze the mode of action and the responsible amino acids for substrate binding. In addition to A. thaliana, more plant species from several families need to be investigated to fully elucidate the diversity of sulfated molecules and the way of biosynthesis catalyzed by SOT enzymes.

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How to discover a metabolic pathway? An update on gene identification in aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis, regulation and transport

Cited by 38 publications

References 30 publications

Coselected genes determine adaptive variation in herbivore resistance throughout the native range of Arabidopsis thaliana

Coselected genes determine adaptive variation in herbivore resistance throughout the native range of Arabidopsis thaliana

Enhancement Of Glucosinolate and Isothiocyanate Profiles in Brassicaceae Crops: Addressing Challenges in Breeding for Cultivation, Storage, and Consumer-Related Traits

The multi-protein family of sulfotransferases in plants: composition, occurrence, substrate specificity, and functions

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