How Sunlight Causes Melanoma

Garibyan, Lilit; Fisher, David E.

doi:10.1007/s11912-010-0119-y

Cited by 111 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Left unchecked, UV radiation affects integumentary cells by causing direct damage to individual DNA strands. Although UV-induced DNA damage is normally repaired by specific DNA repair mechanisms, genetic or environmentally derived errors within this repair complex can lead to the formation of an invasive melanoma (3,4).…”

Section: Etiology Of Disease Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with those with chronic and continuous exposure, patients with intermittent, more intense exposure to the sun are at much higher risk (4). A history of sunburns, specifically blistering sunburns in childhood and adulthood, can be associated with approximately twice the baseline risk of melanoma development (5).…”

Section: General Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant UV radiation exposure before the age of 35 significantly increases the risk of melanoma (7). Although UV-A sunlight has certainly been implicated as a cause of melanoma (e.g., tanning salon-related UV radiation), most skin damage is actually caused by UV-B rays (4).…”

Section: General Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Presentation and Staging of Melanoma

Ward

Lambreton

Goel

et al. 2017

Cutaneous Melanoma: Etiology and Therapy

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Cutaneous melanoma is responsible for the vast majority of skin cancer-related deaths in the United States. Known risk factors include genetic defects, environmental exposures, and a combination of both. Among environmental risks, exposure to ultraviolet rays is the most important and the most modifiable risk factor. Several genetic syndromes involve increased risk of melanoma, including xeroderma pigmentosum, familial atypical multiple moles and melanoma syndrome, BRCA2 mutation, and congenital melanocytic nevi. Although the necessity of implementation remains controversial, the most effective melanoma screening technique is the whole-body skin examination. Typically, melanoma lesions are incidentally discovered during routine skin examination using the "ABCDE" mnemonic. Once suspected, questions pertaining to the sites of potential metastasis should be asked and excisional or partial biopsy should be considered. The primary histologic subtypes of melanoma include superficial spreading, lentigo maligna, nodular, acral lentiginous, desmoplastic, and amelanotic. Melanoma staging is completed via clinical and histologic assessment using the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM system. Delayed or deficient elements of initial melanoma evaluation can limit patient outcomes and increase disease-related mortality. Clinicians involved in the diagnosis or treatment of cutaneous melanoma must be familiar with the available screening options, key steps of diagnosis, and the staging ramifications of disease discovery.

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Section: Etiology Of Disease Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Presentation and Staging of Melanoma

Ward

Lambreton

Goel

et al. 2017

Cutaneous Melanoma: Etiology and Therapy

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“…damaging, carcinogenic, inflammatory, and immunosuppressive properties of UV radiations contribute to initiation, progression, and metastasis of primary melanoma [32]. The changes in ROS signaling pathways have the damaging action of UV-A and UV-B irradiations on the skin [33].…”

Section: Pollution and Its Effect On The Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of Spin Traps to Control ROS in Antipollution Cosmetics—A Review

Sawant¹

2018

Cosmetics

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Abstract:Pollution from air and sunlight has adverse effects on human health, particularly skin health. It creates oxidative stress, which results in skin diseases, including skin cancer and aging. Different types of antioxidants are used as preventative actives in skin-care products. However, they have some limitations as they also scavenge oxygen. Recently, spin traps are being explored to trap free radicals before these radicals generating more free radicals (cascading effect) and not the oxygen molecules. However, not all spin traps can be used in the topical cosmetic skin-care products due to their toxicity and regulatory issues. The present review focuses on the different pathways of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation due to pollution and the potential use of spin traps in anti-pollution cosmetics to control ROS.

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“…17,18 MELANOMA AND THE SUN The medical literature shows a consensus that extensive exposure to UV radiation is a risk factor for melanoma. 19 Although the exact mechanism is not clear, experts have speculated that the combination of carcinogenic, inflammatory, and immunosup-…”

Section: The Melanoma Microenvironmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanoma in immunosuppressed patients

Brewer

2010

Expert Review of Dermatology

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The immunogenic characteristics of malignant melanoma are intriguing. To date, multiple studies exist regarding the immunogenicity of melanoma. In this article, we summarize data in the literature on the role of immunosuppression in melanoma and discuss several immunocompromised patient populations in detail. A comprehensive PubMed search was conducted with no date limitation. The following search terms were used: melanoma in combination with immunosuppression, immunocompromised, genetics, antigen processing, UV radiation, organ transplantation, organ transplant recipients, lymphoproliferative disease, lymphoma, CLL, NHL, radiation, and HIV/AIDS. Although no formal criteria were used for inclusion of studies, most pertinent studies on the topic were reviewed, with the exception of smaller case reports and case series. The included studies were generally large (Ն1000 patients in organ transplant recipient studies; Ն500 patients in lymphoma studies), with a focus on institutional experiences, or population-based national or international epidemiologic studies. Melanoma-induced immunosuppression, the role of UV radiation in melanoma development, and the epidemiology, clinical course, and prognosis of melanoma in immunocompromised patients are highlighted. Organ transplant recipients, patients with lymphoproliferative disorders, patients with iatrogenic immunosuppression, and patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection/AIDS are also highlighted. Recommendations are proposed for the care and monitoring of immunosuppressed patients with melanoma. With better understanding of the molecular microenvironment and clinical course of melanoma in immunosuppressed patients, novel therapies could be developed and outcomes potentially affected in these patients.

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How Sunlight Causes Melanoma

Cited by 111 publications

References 60 publications

Clinical Presentation and Staging of Melanoma

Clinical Presentation and Staging of Melanoma

Potential Use of Spin Traps to Control ROS in Antipollution Cosmetics—A Review

Melanoma in immunosuppressed patients

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