How should proxies of cognitive reserve be evaluated in a population of healthy older adults?

Grotz, Catherine; Serón, Xavier; Wissen, Marie Van; Adam, Stéphane

doi:10.1017/s1041610216001745

Cited by 26 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The results of this study therefore suggest the possibility that the accumulation of biomechanical head trauma severe enough to induce concussionlike symptoms may manifest in later life as diminished “cognitive reserve.” However, future studies that assess and control for serial subtraction performance are needed. Such work should also consider capturing common proxies of cognitive reserve such as eduation, examine compensatory strategies that may enable some individuals to maintain function in the presence of brain pathology, and consider the possible beneficial protective impact of cognitive remediation, physical exercise, and/or other interventions aimed at promoting cognitive reserve into senescence …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 However, future studies that assess and control for serial subtraction performance are needed. Such work should also consider capturing common proxies of cognitive reserve such as eduation, 23 examine compensatory strategies that may enable some individuals to maintain function in the presence of brain pathology, and consider the possible beneficial protective impact of cognitive remediation, physical exercise, and/or other interventions aimed at promoting cognitive reserve into senescence. 24 Although walking entails repetitive cyclical movements, no two gait cycles are exactly the same.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self‐Reported Head Trauma Predicts Poor Dual Task Gait in Retired National Football League Players

Manor

Zhou

et al. 2019

Annals of Neurology

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Objective Symptomatic head trauma associated with American‐style football (ASF) has been linked to brain pathology, along with physical and mental distress in later life. However, the longer‐term effects of such trauma on objective metrics of cognitive–motor function remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that ASF‐related symptomatic head trauma would predict worse gait performance, particularly during dual task conditions (ie, walking while performing an additional cognitive task), in later life. Methods Sixty‐six retired professional ASF players aged 29 to 75 years completed a health and wellness questionnaire. They also completed a validated smartphone‐based assessment in their own homes, during which gait was monitored while they walked normally and while they performed a verbalized serial‐subtraction cognitive task. Results Participants who reported more symptomatic head trauma, defined as the total number of impacts to the head or neck followed by concussion‐related symptoms, exhibited greater dual task cost (ie, percentage increase) to stride time variability (ie, the coefficient of variation of mean stride time). Those who reported ≥1 hit followed by loss of consciousness, compared to those who did not, also exhibited greater dual task costs to this metric. Relationships between reported trauma and dual task costs were independent of age, body mass index, National Football League career duration, and history of musculoskeletal surgery. Symptomatic head trauma was not correlated with average stride times in either walking condition. Interpretation Remote, smartphone‐based assessments of dual task walking may be utilized to capture meaningful data sensitive to the long‐term impact of symptomatic head trauma in former professional ASF players and other contact sport athletes. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:75–83

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Reported Head Trauma Predicts Poor Dual Task Gait in Retired National Football League Players

Manor

Zhou

et al. 2019

Annals of Neurology

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“…It has been pointed out that the factors contributing to CR are not of linear nature and are difficult to control (Malek-Ahmadi et al, 2017). Secondly, various CR indexes present different strength of relationships with cognitive functioning (Grotz et al, 2017). Thirdly, most information included in the questionnaires related to CR is assessed retrospectively and subjectively by study participants (Grotz et al, 2017).…”

Section: Mediatory Effect Of Depression In the Relations Between Cognmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, various CR indexes present different strength of relationships with cognitive functioning (Grotz et al, 2017). Thirdly, most information included in the questionnaires related to CR is assessed retrospectively and subjectively by study participants (Grotz et al, 2017). This results in a lack of accuracy in the process of accumulating the data despite the attempts to improve the objectivity of the measurement (e.g.…”

Section: Mediatory Effect Of Depression In the Relations Between Cognmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediatory effect of depression in the relations between cognitive reserve and cognitive abilities. Does a CR index matter?

Szepietowska¹

2019

Health Psychology Report

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health psychology report • volume 7(3), 9 original article background Cognitive reserve (CR) explains the level of cognitive functioning in healthy aging individuals or those with brain dysfunctions. Various CR indexes include objective (e.g. education level), subjective (e.g. self-report methods of life activity), and their combinations. Data showing the impact of CR on cognitive performance are unclear due to the relationship between CR and depressive mood as well as due to the impact of depressed mood on cognitive functions. The current study was designed to determine the link between three different CR indicators and cognitive abilities of adult Poles. The analyses took into account intensity of depression, as a mediator for these links. Additionally, the study was designed to assess whether or not the contents of the self-reported part of the CR index were of significance for the relations.

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“…Thus, cognitive reserve capacities differ between individuals and are depleted over time with progressive pathology [2,22]. Importantly, cognitive reserve cannot be explained by genetic factors [23] but is acquired through a lifetime of intellectual activities [3,21], such as education, cognitive training, and participation in intellectual pursuits [24]. Thus, it is modifiable [12] and can be increased through interventions [25].…”

Section: Attributes Of Cognitive Processes Of Cognitive Reservementioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Reserve: Cognitive Abilities that Shield Against Dementia Symptomatology

Rodriguez¹

2018

obm geriatr

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Background: Cognitive reserve describes the capacity for cognitively normal functioning despite brain damage. Previous research on cognitive reserve outlined how characteristics of the brain promote good cognitive functioning, although it is not yet clear what cognitive processes help individuals to maintain good cognitive functioning in the face of brain damage. Methods: Narrative review of relevant articles identified in literature searches for cognitive and/or psychometric characteristics of cognitive reserve. Results: The existing evidence on cognitive processes of cognitive reserve is extremely sparse. Results from a diverse set of studies suggest that cognitive reserve may comprise verbal memory and executive functions. Conclusions:We propose that cognitive reserve consists of a combination of elaborate networks of mental representations and proficient executive functioning. Future studies are required to validate the proposed mechanism of cognitive reserve.

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How should proxies of cognitive reserve be evaluated in a population of healthy older adults?

Abstract: This study is the first to show that it is of great importance to question methods measuring CR proxies in order to develop a clinical tool allowing a comprehensive and accurate estimation of CR.

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Self‐Reported Head Trauma Predicts Poor Dual Task Gait in Retired National Football League Players

Self‐Reported Head Trauma Predicts Poor Dual Task Gait in Retired National Football League Players

Mediatory effect of depression in the relations between cognitive reserve and cognitive abilities. Does a CR index matter?

Cognitive Reserve: Cognitive Abilities that Shield Against Dementia Symptomatology

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