How Should Automated Vehicles Interact with Pedestrians?

Löcken, Andreas; Golling, Carmen; Riener, Andreas

doi:10.1145/3342197.3344544

Cited by 95 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Recent research projects try to overcome these challenges via substitution of interpersonal communication with communication between AV and VRU (e.g. [5,8,9,20,22]). Müller et al [27] already showed that AVs could be viewed as social actors in traffic.…”

Section: External Communication Of Autonomous Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However,other studies found that giving an unambiguous command was rated best [15]. The presented communication concepts have been categorized in various ways: by their complexity [20], by their modality [5,23], their information content [5], the locus of the communication [23], and their inclusiveness of people with visual impairments [6]. Different addressees have been compared, for example adults and children [8].…”

Section: External Communication Towards Vrus Various Work Have Invesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could be avoided through displays either by communicating early that a pedestrian can cross (cf. [20]) to avoid the need for a full stop or to to prevent pedestrians to cross too often (i.e., by displaying a warning). Millard-Ball [25] already states that an AV has to have some uncertainty whether it will stop to avoid too frequent crossings of pedestrians.…”

Section: Fuel Efficiency Via External Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This research is targeted towards replacing interpersonal communication used today between human drivers and vulnerable road users (VRUs) towards improving traffic safety for people with disabilities [5]. Various areas within this field have been explored: external communication modalities such as displays [12], LED strips [12,21], movement patterns [32], projections [2] auditory or tactile cues [23], as well as combinations thereof [23] and enhancement of the infrastructure [28], trust challenges [14], and (some) legal issues [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards a Design Space for External Communication of Autonomous Vehicles

Colley

Rukzio

2020

Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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Automated vehicles can implement strategies to drive with optimized fuel efficiency. Therefore, automated driving is seen as a major advancement in tackling climate change. However, with automated vehicles driving in cities and other areas rife with other road users such as human drivers, pedestrians, or cyclists, there is the potential for "stop-and-go" traffic. This would greatly diminish the possibility of automated vehicles to drive fuel-efficient. We suggest using external communication of automated vehicles to aid in ecological driving by providing clues to other road users to show the intent and therefore ultimately enable smoother traffic.

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Section: External Communication Of Autonomous Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: External Communication Towards Vrus Various Work Have Invesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Efficiency Via External Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Towards a Design Space for External Communication of Autonomous Vehicles

Colley

Rukzio

2020

Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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“…The majority of studies have examined interactions in urban areas in a low speed range where communication was required to negotiate the right of way. The most frequently investigated use cases so far have been interactions with pedestrians at crosswalks [4,6,9,12,[17][18][19][21][22][23] or crossing situations with an ambiguous right of way, e.g., shared spaced or parking areas [1,8,[10][11][12][13][14]16,18,20,24,25]. While prior work has already developed frameworks to derive use cases to test the in-vehicle HMIs of automated driving systems [26][27][28][29], there has been very limited research on taxonomies for use cases of eHMIs [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardized Test Procedure for External Human–Machine Interfaces of Automated Vehicles

et al. 2020

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Research on external human–machine interfaces (eHMIs) has recently become a major area of interest in the field of human factors research on automated driving. The broad variety of methodological approaches renders the current state of research inconclusive and comparisons between interface designs impossible. To date, there are no standardized test procedures to evaluate and compare different design variants of eHMIs with each other and with interactions without eHMIs. This article presents a standardized test procedure that enables the effective usability evaluation of eHMI design solutions. First, the test procedure provides a methodological approach to deduce relevant use cases for the evaluation of an eHMI. In addition, we define specific usability requirements that must be fulfilled by an eHMI to be effective, efficient, and satisfying. To prove whether an eHMI meets the defined requirements, we have developed a test protocol for the empirical evaluation of an eHMI with a participant study. The article elucidates underlying considerations and details of the test protocol that serves as framework to measure the behavior and subjective evaluations of non-automated road users when interacting with automated vehicles in an experimental setting. The standardized test procedure provides a useful framework for researchers and practitioners.

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