How selective are clinical CDK4/6 inhibitors?

Abstract

Pharmacological inhibition of cyclin‐dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) has emerged as an efficient approach for treating breast cancer, and its clinical potential is expanding to other cancers. CDK4/6 inhibitors were originally believed to act by arresting proliferation in the G1 phase, but it is gradually becoming clear that the cellular response to these compounds is far more complex than this. Multiple context‐dependent mechanisms of action are emerging, involving modulation of quiescence, senescence, autophagy, cellular metabolism, and enhanced tumor cell immunogenicity. These mechanisms may be driven by interactions with unexpected targets. We review cellular responses to the Food and Drug Administration‐approved CDK4/6 inhibitors palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib, and summarize available knowledge of other drugs undergoing clinical trials, including data on their off‐target landscapes. We emphasize the importance of comprehensively characterizing drugs' selectivity profiles to maximize their clinical efficacy and safety and to facilitate their repurposing to treat additional diseases based on their target spectrum.

Adamantane-Substituted Purines and Their β-Cyclodextrin Complexes: Synthesis and Biological Activity

“…IR (KBr): 3111(w), 2985(w), 1824(w), 1597(s), 1529(s), 1462(s), 1403(s), 1315(s), 1277(m), 1198(m), 1167(s), 1140(m), 1103(m), 997(s), 916(m), 869(s), 783(s), 683(w), 663(m), 634(s), 590(w) cm −1 . GC-EI-MS m/z (%): 234(8), 233 (5), 232 (42), 231 (7), 230(M + , 67), 217 (36), 216 (6), 215(59), 192 (6), 191 (12), 190 (31), 189 (20), 188 (49), 181 (5), 179 (16), 155 (24), 154 (7), 153(73), 134 (6), 127 (6), 126 (8), 118 (7), 101 (5), 100 (6), 99 (7), 92 (8), 91 (7), 86(5), 85 (6), 65 (6), 64(8), 53 (7), 43(100), 42 (15), 41(73), 40 (6).…”

“…1 H NMR (CDCl 3 ): δ 1.62 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H, CH(CH 3 ) 2 ), 1.78 (m, 6H, CH 2 (Ad)), 2.09 (m, 9H, CH 2 (Ad) + CH(Ad)), 4.88 (septet, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H, CH(CH 3 ) 2 ), 7.29 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H, Ph), 7.38 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H, Ph), 7.69 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H, Ph), 7.89 (s, 1H, Ph), 8.06 (s, 1H, NC 8 HN), 8.31 (s, 1H, C 6 NHPh) ppm. 13 (10), 450 (9), 449(M + , 27), 314 (12), 243 (7), 136 (11), 135(100), 107 (9), 93 (18), 91 (5), 79 (17), 67 (7). Anal.…”

“…Anal. Calcd for C 25 (5), 318 (26), 316(77), 315 (8), 276 (5), 274 (14), 238 (7), 210 (5), 136 (11), 135(100), 107 (12), 93 (23), 91 (5), 79 (21), 77 (8), 67 (9). Anal.…”

“…Anal. Calcd for C 25 7), 450 (6), 449(M + , 19), 317 (6), 316 (33), 315 (18), 314(100), 272 (11), 244 (7), 135 (32), 107 (7), 93 (17), 91(6), 79 (18), 77 (6), 67 (7), 55 (5). Anal.…”

“…In 2015, the low-molecular-weight inhibitor of CDK4 and CDK6 palbociclib was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of breast cancer in clinical use. This drug was followed by the next two CDK4/6 inhibitors, ribociclib and abemaciclib [ 5 ].…”