How representative arebrics?

O fenômeno dos “Estados emergentes” na política internacional contemporânea: Contribuições da Economia Política Internacional para um objeto multi-aspectual

“…Optamos por utilizar, como referência aos termos "potências médias", "potências emergentes", "potências médias emergentes", o termo Estados emergentes 2 . Sobre a natureza do fenômeno, e apropriando-se da constatação para essa proposta de trabalho, "qualquer tentativa de se definir e especificar a identidade dos poderes emergentes poderia facilmente se tornar esotérica, idiossincrática particularmente inútil para o tema central sob análise nesse artigo" 3 (THAKUR, 2014(THAKUR, , p. 1791. Ainda, sobre o uso dos termos "Sul Global" e "Norte Global": nos referimos não somente à divisão política comumente reconhecida entre economias avançadas e aquelas em outros níveis de desenvolvimento; optamos por considerar os conceitos de forma ampliada, que levam em conta as diversas hierarquizações geopolíticas de poder internacional 4 .…”

BRICS Development Strategies: Exploring the Meaning of BRICS ‘Community’ and ‘Collective Action’ in the Context of BRICS State Led Cooperation in South Africa

“…BRICS poses as another power bloc to temper the hegemony of the US and Western Europe in global decision-making and agenda setting, led by China, the economic heavyweight of the five countries. Yet analysts highlight that while BRICS have certainly engaged on behalf of less developed countries (LDCs) in, for example, the World Trade Organisation (WTO) negotiations, Weinlich (2014), Thakar (2014) and Purugganan (2014) also point out that they have tended to act less as ideational agenda setters. Weinlich (2014Weinlich ( : 1835 argues that in relation to the south-south cooperation (SSC) unit established in 2012 within the UN, Brazil, China, India and South Africa have chosen not exercise their collective power within the organization and have chosen to ''underline their commonalities with poorer developing countries''.…”

“…Problematic to the achievement of this exemplary goal is the history of BRICS. As Thakar (2014Thakar ( : 1792Thakar ( -1793) point out, ''(t)he grouping is not the product of diplomatic negotiations based on shared political values or common economic interests… all five retain deep and specific ties with the pivotal Northern countries in the general context of complex interdependence vis-a-vis the global economy… the relevance of BRICS will depend not simply on the growth trajectories of individual group members, but also on the extent to which, in global discourse and decisions, they can individually and collectively represent the interests, worldviews, and policy priorities of the mass of developing countries''.…”

“…To add empirical weight to the debate, analysts of the UN system have, over the last decade and a half, examined the ways in which BRIC and latterly BRICS have adapted their individual and collective bargaining strategies. At issue of course is whether BRICS states have asserted collective influence within various UN institutions, including the Security Council, General Assembly, World Trade Organisation (WTO) and in various South dominated negotiating alliances, such as UNCTAD and the G77 (Weinlich 2014;Thakar 2014).…”

Progress and Pitfalls: Are the BRIC Countries’ Social Agendas Constraining Their Economic Growth?

“…For instance, Thakur (2014) examines the magnitude of these countries" progress and draws attention to the fact that countries such as China and India have doubled their economic output in less than 20 years, a result which took the United Kingdom 150 years and United States 50 years to reach. Lin and Rosenblatt (2012) emphasize BRIC"s growing share in the world economy, which has been mirrored by a decline in the economies of the richest developed countries (i.e.…”