How Reliable is the Morphological Diagnosis of Penile Liberations?

Ta, Chapel; Brown, W. J.; Jeffres, C; Ja, Stewart

doi:10.1097/00007435-197710000-00008

Cited by 88 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Giant (>2-cm) or serpiginous ulcers are formed when several smaller ulcers merge. The follicular type (le chancre mou folliculaire) originates in a hair follicle and resembles a folliculitis or pyogenic infection (30). It is seen most often on the vulva, on the labia majora, and in hairy regions.…”

Section: Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In areas where chancroid is prevalent and the clinicians are experienced, the diagnostic accuracy was 75% (49). These reports have indicated that definitive diagnosis requires laboratory tests since a wide variety of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria have been isolated from ulcers that clinically resemble chancroid (30,31,83,156).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, cotton (20,83,163) (20,34 (31), and the fact that the clinical appearance of genital ulcers may often be misleading (30,140,156 Recently, Schalla et al (146) used another monoclonal antibody, B3, in an indirect immunofluorescence assay to detect H. ducreyi in smears prepared from genital lesion material. These investigators determined that monoclonal antibody B3 had a strong affinity for H. ducreyi, but only a slight affinity for some of the other Haemophilus spp.…”

Section: Swabsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chancroid and Haemophilus ducreyi

1989

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Haemophilus ducreyi is the causative agent of chancroid, one of the genital ulcerative diseases. H. ducreyi is the major cause of genital ulcer disease in Africa and Southeast Asia and is of increasing concern in the United States. Definitive diagnosis of chancroid requires the isolation and identification of H. ducreyi, but isolation of this organism is difficult and the available medium is not optimal for all strains. Fluorescent antibody and serologic tests are of limited value. In general, our knowledge of this organism is rather limited, and indeed, recent studies have questioned the placement of H. ducreyi in the genus Haemophilus. H. ducreyi has relatively few biochemical activities, and epidemiologic studies are limited because there are limited phenotypic markers available for strain typing. Specific virulence factors of H. ducreyi have yet to be identified. Antimicrobial resistance in H. ducreyi is of special concern, as this organism has acquired both gram-negative and gram-positive resistance determinants. In addition, some of these determinants can be mobilized and transferred to other Haemophilus species or to Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

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Section: Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Swabsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chancroid and Haemophilus ducreyi

1989

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“…Distinguishing between one genital disorder and other similar entities remains difficult even for the well-trained and experienced physician. Prospective studies 2,3 performed 20 years apart both noted that the diagnostic accuracy for male genital ulcerations varied by disease from a high of only 80% to a low of 33.3%. Attempting a diagnosis based solely on lesion appearance may well lead to inaccuracy in diagnosing either men or women.…”

Section: Update On Genital Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Genital Lesions

Rosén¹

2003

JAMA

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“…parahaemolyticus (3), H . aegyptius (3), Gardnerella vaginalis (24), Bordetella pertussis (l), Pasteurellapneumotropica (l), P . ureae (l), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (30), Mobiluncus holmseii (3), M .…”

Section: Bacterial Strainsunclassified

The production and characterisation of rabbit antiserum and murine monoclonal antibodies to Haemophilus ducreyi

Finn

Karim²,

Easmon³

1990

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Summary. Rabbit antiserum and murine monoclonal antibodies were raised against a strain of Haemophilus ducreyi. The antiserum gave high immunofluorescence titres and strong dot blot reactions with all H. ducreyi strains tested and the only cross reaction was with Bordetella pertussis. Three monoclonal antibodies, all of isotype IgG2a, also gave high immunofluorescence titres with H . ducreyi but did not cross react with any other species tested. Immunoblotting showed the monoclonal antibodies to react with a single polypeptide band of mol. wt 29000 in the outermembrane fraction of H . ducreyi. These antibodies have potential for use as diagnostic reagents and for investigating the pathogenicity of H. ducreyi. Introdnc tionHaemphilus ducreyi is the causative organism of the sexually transmitted disease chancroid, the commonest cause of genital ulcers in the tropics. However, in recent years there have been increasing numbers of outbreaks in the more temperate regions of Europe and North America. 92 H . ducreyi is a fastidious organism and, despite improved culture methods, isolation rates from genital ulcers and buboes can still be lower than 60%. In many countries where facilities for culture are often not available, diagnosis of chancroid continues to be based on clinical features and the exclusion of other causes of genital ulcers. This form of diagnosis is prone to e r r~r .~ Direct microscopy of gram-stained smears is also insensitive; the typical "shoal of fish" morphology of H . ducreyi is often not seen, and other contaminating gram-negative bacilli may look ~i m i l a r .~?~To overcome these problems, several groups of workers have attempted to develop immunological methods of diagnosis. Denys et al. ' raised an antiserum for use in an immunofluorescence assay for H. ducreyi. This antiserum, however, had to be absorbed extensively with other Haemophilus spp. to eliminate cross-reactivity. Even after absorption it gave a moderate fluorescence with several other Haemophilus spp., in particular H . parainfluenzae. In 1984, Hansen and Loftus6 raised monoclonal

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How Reliable is the Morphological Diagnosis of Penile Liberations?

Cited by 88 publications

References 4 publications

Chancroid and Haemophilus ducreyi

Chancroid and Haemophilus ducreyi

Update on Genital Lesions

The production and characterisation of rabbit antiserum and murine monoclonal antibodies to Haemophilus ducreyi

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