How prevalent is vitamin B<sub>12</sub>deficiency among vegetarians?

Pawlak, Roman; Parrott, J. Scott; Raj, Sudha; Cullum-Dugan, Diana; Lucus, Debbie

doi:10.1111/nure.12001

Cited by 233 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(162 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

155

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, experience with low-protein diets in pregnancy is limited. Studies in vegans underline the safety of this diet, provided that vitamin intake (mainly B12 and iron levels) and nutritional status are kept under control (47)(48)(49). The few available animal studies, performed on rats with genetic kidney diseases fed a soyaenriched diet, suggest an advantage for the offspring (32,33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Low-Protein Supplemented Diets with Fetal Growth in Pregnant Women with CKD

Piccoli¹,

Leone²,

Attini

et al. 2014

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and objectives Women affected by CKD increasingly choose to get pregnant. Experience with lowprotein diets is limited. The aim of this study was to review results obtained from pregnant women with CKD on supplemented vegan-vegetarian low-protein diets.Design, setting, participants, & measurements This was a single-arm, open intervention study between 2000-2012 of a low-protein diet in pregnant patients with stages 3-5 CKD or severe proteinuria (.1 g/d in the first trimester or nephrotic at any time). Stages 3-5 CKD patients who were not on low-protein diets for clinical, psychologic, or logistic reasons served as controls. The setting was the Obstetrics-Nephrology Unit dedicated to kidney diseases in pregnancy. The treated group included 24 pregnancies-21 singleton deliveries, 1 twin pregnancy, 1 abortion, and 1 miscarriage. Additionally, there were 21 controls (16 singleton deliveries, 5 miscarriages). The diet was a vegan-vegetarian low-protein diet (0.6-0.8 g/kg per day) with keto-acid supplementation and 1-3 proteinunrestricted meals allowed per week.Results Treated patients and controls were comparable at baseline for median age (35 versus 34 years), referral week (7 versus 8), eGFR (59 versus 54 ml/min), and hypertension (43.5% versus 33.3%); median proteinuria was higher in patients on the low-protein diet (1.96 [0.1-6.3] versus 0.3 [0.1-2.0] g/d; P,0.001). No significant differences were observed in singletons with regard to gestational week (34 versus 36) or Caesarean sections (76.2% versus 50%). Kidney function at delivery was not different, but proteinuria was higher in the diet group. Incidence of small for gestational age babies was significantly lower in the diet group (3/21) versus controls (7/16; chi-squared test; P=0.05). Throughout follow-up (6 months to 10 years), hospitalization rates and prevalence of children below the third percentile were similar in both groups.Conclusion Vegan-vegetarian supplemented low-protein diets in pregnant women with stages 3-5 CKD may reduce the likelihood of small for gestational age babies without detrimental effects on kidney function or proteinuria in the mother.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Low-Protein Supplemented Diets with Fetal Growth in Pregnant Women with CKD

Piccoli¹,

Leone²,

Attini

et al. 2014

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…22 Vitamin B 12 deficiency is known to be more common among the elderly, although there is a currently increasing prevalence among adolescents worldwide. This is due to the increased need associated with accelerated development, decreased intake related to inadequate diet (vegetarian diet, 23 obesity 24 ), and the side effects of medications (metformin used in the treatment of obesity, 25 oral contraceptives, 26 and antireflux medications such as proton pump inhibitors 27 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) and Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Adolescents

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE: Vitamin B12 is involved in the production of adrenaline from noradrenaline. It is the cofactor involved in catecholamine degradation and plays a role in myelin synthesis. The current study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin B12 levels and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) during adolescence when accelerated myelin synthesis increases the vitamin B12 need. METHODS: One hundred twenty-five patients (mean age 11.1 ± 2.3 years; 60% female) reporting short-term loss of consciousness and diagnosed with vasovagal syncope based on anamnesis with a normal distribution and 50 control subjects (mean age 10.94 ± 2.5 years, 62% female) were included in this study. Serum vitamin B12, folic acid, and ferritin levels were measured prospectively in addition to other tests. We defined vitamin B12 deficiency as a serum level <300 pg/mL.1–4 RESULTS: Vitamin B12 levels were significantly lower in the patient group compared with the control group (47.2% vs 18%, P < .001). In the patient group, children with the POTS pattern had significantly lower vitamin B12 levels compared with children without the POTS response (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with POTS may lead to sympathetic nervous system baroreceptor dysfunction.

show abstract

“…Data regarding vitamin B12 status among children and adolescents is very scarce and mainly based on case reports. Vegetarian adults have a very high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency [9]. Data on iron status showed an inadequate iron status among children and adolescents that ranged from 4.3%-73% of the studied samples having ferritin below 10 µg/L [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetarian children and adolescents’ anthropometric characteristics do not significantly differ from their non-vegetarian counterparts

Roman¹,

Ding²,

Sovyanhadi³

2017

Integr Food Nutr Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

play a key role in fetal and child growth and development and thus, may impact anthropometric parameters of both children and adolescents.The goal of the current study was to assess anthropometric differences among children adhering to different dietary patterns. Our hypothesis was that the rate of obesity among vegetarian children and adolescents will be statistically significantly lower than the rate among non-vegetarian children and adolescents and that this will be the only statistically significant difference in the anthropometry of these two groups. The specific objectives included: 1) compare anthropometric data using the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts [11], including length-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI-for-age among children and adolescents adhering to different dietary preferences (vegetarian vs. non-vegetarian); 2) to evaluate the percentage of the sample in different percentile categories (e.g. <5 th percentile, at and/or above the 95 th percentile) among vegetarian and non-vegetarian children; and 3) assess the weight status and obesity prevalence among children in different dietary group using BMI-forage growth charts, defined as BMI-for-age at or above 95 th percentile. Methods and materials Data collectionThe research protocol was approved by the Institutional Review AbstractApproximately 7% of American children and adolescents adhere to vegetarian diets. The few studies that assessed anthropometry among vegetarian children and adolescents were cross sectional, few included vegan children and a handful utilized growth charts. Available data is outdated and is limited to a handful of studies. The goal was to compare anthropometric characteristics of vegetarian with non-vegetarian children and adolescents. We hypothesized that the rate of obesity among vegetarian children and adolescents will be statistically significantly lower than the rate among their non-vegetarian counterparts and that there will be no statistically significant difference in any other anthropometric characteristics among these two groups. CDC's growth charts were utilized to assess anthropometric data of 218 vegetarians with 308 non-vegetarian children and adolescents. There was no statistically significant difference between the rate of vegetarian vs. non-vegetarian children below the 5 th percentile length-for-age (14.1% vs. 10.4% for non-vegetarian girls; Chi square=0.52, df=1, p=0.4708; and 10.2% vs. 4.7%; Chi square=1.84, df=1, p=0.175 for vegetarian vs. non-vegetarian boys). No statistically significant differences were found between the dietary groups in regard to percentages of obese children, defined as BMI-for-age ≥95 th percentile, (9.5% vs. 12.7% for vegetarian vs. non-vegetarian girls; Chi-square=0.34, df=1, p=0.5598; and 14% vs. 15.9% for vegetarian vs. nonvegetarian boys; Chi-square=1.03, df=1, p=0.3102). Vegetarian children and adolescents' anthropometric characteristics do not significantly differ from their non-vegetarian counterparts.

show abstract

How prevalent is vitamin B₁₂deficiency among vegetarians?

Cited by 233 publications

References 35 publications

Association of Low-Protein Supplemented Diets with Fetal Growth in Pregnant Women with CKD

Association of Low-Protein Supplemented Diets with Fetal Growth in Pregnant Women with CKD

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) and Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Adolescents

Vegetarian children and adolescents’ anthropometric characteristics do not significantly differ from their non-vegetarian counterparts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

How prevalent is vitamin B12deficiency among vegetarians?

Cited by 233 publications

References 35 publications

Association of Low-Protein Supplemented Diets with Fetal Growth in Pregnant Women with CKD

Association of Low-Protein Supplemented Diets with Fetal Growth in Pregnant Women with CKD

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) and Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Adolescents

Vegetarian children and adolescents’ anthropometric characteristics do not significantly differ from their non-vegetarian counterparts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

How prevalent is vitamin B₁₂deficiency among vegetarians?