How policy can build the plug-in electric vehicle market: Insights from the REspondent-based Preference And Constraints (REPAC) model

Wolinetz, Michael; Axsen, Jonn

doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2016.11.022

Cited by 74 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…British Columbia's version has the highest stringency and longest time horizon, requiring 30% ZEV sales by 2030 and 100% sales by 2040. California's ZEV mandate (which has the longest history and thus is the best source of data) has been shown to send a strong transformative signal, effectively channelling innovation activities towards ZEV development 61,62 and increasing the availability of ZEVs for sale 63 , where supply constraints have proven to be a major barrier to widespread uptake [64][65][66][67] . Several forward-looking modelling studies indicate that a stringent ZEV mandate can play a strong role in GHG mitigation in the USA [68][69][70] , Canada 60,71 and China 72 .…”

Section: Fuel-switching Regulations Can Lead the MIXmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crafting strong, integrated policy mixes for deep CO2 mitigation in road transport

Axsen

Plötz

Wolinetz³

2020

Nat. Clim. Chang.

Self Cite

158

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hile present transport systems provide numerous benefits, the negative societal impacts are enormous. In particular, the global transportation sector is responsible for almost one-quarter of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (mostly CO 2), with about 72% thereof from road transport 1. Despite decades of progress for alternative and low-carbon fuels and technologies, most developed countries remain locked-in to the dominance of privately owned, fossil fuel-powered vehicles 2,3. Transport emissions are expected to grow further in scenarios produced by the International Energy Agency (IEA), even if currently announced policies are implemented (Fig. 1) 4-6. This Perspective summarizes available evidence for which policy mixes can be highly effective in reducing GHG emissions within road transport in the long-term while pointing out directions for further policy and research development. Clearly the transportation sector needs to carry its weight in meeting deep decarbonization goals. Compared to 2019, both the 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C Paris Agreement scenarios require global GHG reductions of about 30-40% by 2030, 60-80% by 2050 and likely close to 100% (or zero net emissions) thereafter 5,7. GHG mitigation ambitions are higher in Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries because they are the source of most historical emissions and are thought to have more flexibility for large-scale investment in low-carbon technologies 8. Because expected mitigation costs are lower in road transport than in aviation or shipping 9-11 , we start with the assumption that road transport should at least proportionally fulfil the ambition of the total mitigation targets noted above. That said, emissions from aviation and shipping are growing more quickly and require additional GHG mitigation policies 2. We focus on national and regional policymaking. Cities are important in the transition towards more sustainable transport, but their scope for governmental climate change action tends to be smaller than on the national level 12. While we identify insights with global relevance, most of the available literature analyses developed countries, mainly in Europe and North Americapointing to a clear research need to better understand climate policy design for developing countries. Further, our analysis focuses more on passenger travel which is responsible for most GHG emissions in transport, though we call for more attention to road freight.

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Section: Fuel-switching Regulations Can Lead the MIXmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crafting strong, integrated policy mixes for deep CO2 mitigation in road transport

Axsen

Plötz

Wolinetz³

2020

Nat. Clim. Chang.

Self Cite

158

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“…There is a stream of research about consumer preferences of EVs [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Vehicle price, fuel cost, driving range, battery replacement cost, charging time and maintenance cost are among the important attributes used in consumer choice modelling [29].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes Toward Electric Vehicles: The Case of Perugia Using a Fuzzy Set Analysis

Bigerna

Micheli

2018

Sustainability

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Sustainable mobility has received increasing attention in recent years. The transport sector contributes to almost a quarter of Europe's greenhouse gas emissions. The development of electric vehicles (EVs) may help the shift toward sustainable mobility, reducing oil vulnerability and greenhouse gas emissions in road transport. Poor penetration of EVs might be explained, moreover, by consumer resistance to EVs. The aim of our paper is to determine consumers' attitude and preferences for EVs, investigating which conditions influence consumer decision-making to purchase an EV. Using a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis of 421 highly-educated individuals, involving students and faculty members, we identify several configurations of conditions of the variables which lead to the outcomes, supporting their equifinality and asymmetric nature. Our findings indicate attitudes related to EVs differ across age and groups. Our paper offers public decision makers new useful insights for understanding the importance of specific determinants, and for designing effective strategies for EVs' development worldwide.system, due to their high efficiency throughout the fuel supply chain and vehicle fuel consumption [7,8]. A number of positive impacts can be expected from the development of EVs. They are an alternative approach to contribute to a more sustainable mobility, reducing fuel consumption and GHG emissions [9]. EVs are the best way to tap into renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power [10], thus indicating that the deployment of EVs and renewable energy sources should take place concomitantly [11]. Moreover, EVs have the potential to make major contributions to the electric supply system, as storage or generation resources, or both [12]. Specifically, EVs can absorb excess energy production (for instance from wind power) that would be wasted or curtailed [13].However, the emerging EV "industry" still faces technological challenges in terms of vehicle and infrastructure design, and EVs are expensive to obtain. There are unresolved issues about the viability of the current generation of EVs, such as rapid charging, range, lack of infrastructure, and load of the grid. Also, off peak-load impacts may arise from the integration of EVs with electricity grids [14].Despite the fact that the Paris Declaration on Electro-Mobility and Climate Change and Call to Action has forecast a threshold of 100 million EVs by 2030 [15], it has to be recognized that large scale EV deployment is still not a reality. There were 2 million EVs in circulation worldwide in 2016, i.e., 1.4% of the total passenger car market.Transitions to green technologies such as EVs often require significant shifts not only in technology, but in political regulations, tariffs and pricing regimes, and the behavior of users and adopters [16]. Consumer resistance to EVs is an obstacle to the adoption of this technology. Potential EV purchasers identify the cost premium, range limitation and recharging time of EVs as disadvantages compared to conventiona...

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“…They will need to increase market shares to have an impact on urban air pollution, energy consumption, and climate change. The success of PEV technology is partially reliant on the development of recharging infrastructure, among other constraints (Wolinetz and Axsen, 2017). There are currently only a small number of studies published in the academic literature that review existing research on the development of PEV recharging infrastructure (Broadbent et al, 2017;Hall and Lutsey, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of consumer preferences of and interactions with electric vehicle charging infrastructure

Hardman

Jenn

Tal

et al. 2018

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

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439

211

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This is the autho s e sio of a o k that was published in the following source: Hardman, S.; Jenn, A.; Beard, G.; Daina, N.;Figenbaum, E.; Jochem, P. E. P.; Kinnear, N. A. D.; Pontes, J. P.;Refa, N.;Turrentine, T. S.; Witkamp, B. (2018). AbstractThis paper presents a literature review of studies that investigate infrastructure needs to support the market introduction of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). It focuses on literature relating to consumer preferences for charging infrastructure, and how consumers interact with and use this infrastructure. This includes studies that use questionnaire surveys, interviews, modelling, GPS data from vehicles, and data from electric vehicle charging equipment. These studies indicate that the most important location for PEV charging is at home, followed by work, and then public locations. Studies have found that more effort is needed to ensure consumers have easy access to PEV charging and that charging at home, work, or public locations should not be free of cost. Research indicates that PEV charging will not impact electricity grids on the short term, however charging may need to be managed when the vehicles are deployed in greater numbers. In some areas of study the literature is not sufficiently mature to draw any conclusions from. More research is especially needed to determine how much infrastructure is needed to support the roll out of PEVs. This paper ends with policy implications and suggests avenues of future research.Next, we provide background information on charging modes and levels and then introduce the approach to the literature review. Section 2 then summarises the literature, whilst Section 3 concludes with insights for policymakers and literature gaps.

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How policy can build the plug-in electric vehicle market: Insights from the REspondent-based Preference And Constraints (REPAC) model

Cited by 74 publications

References 39 publications

Crafting strong, integrated policy mixes for deep CO2 mitigation in road transport

Crafting strong, integrated policy mixes for deep CO2 mitigation in road transport

Attitudes Toward Electric Vehicles: The Case of Perugia Using a Fuzzy Set Analysis

A review of consumer preferences of and interactions with electric vehicle charging infrastructure

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