How Photoreceptors Optimize the Capture of Visual Information

Sterling, Peter

doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262028707.003.0008

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In order to cover the full range of environmental light intensities (10 10 ; Sterling 2003), different visual mechanisms have evolved for dark and light situations. In the case of humans and other vertebrates, the visual system comes with two types of retinal photoreceptors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Light Modulation of Exogenous Attention to Threat

Carretié

Ruiz-Padial

2016

Brain Topogr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Esta es la versión de autor del artículo publicado en: This is an author produced version of a paper published in: El acceso a la versión del editor puede requerir la suscripción del recurso Access to the published version may require subscription AcknowledgementsThis research was supported by the grants PSI2014-54853-P and PSI2012-37090 from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (MINECO).2 Abstract Planet Earth's motion yields a 50% day -50% night yearly balance in every latitude or longitude, so survival must be guaranteed in very different light conditions in many species, including human. Cone-and rod-dominant vision, respectively specialized in light and darkness, present several processing differences, which are-at least partiallyreflected in event-related potentials (ERPs). The present experiment aimed at characterizing exogenous attention to threatening (spiders) and neutral (wheels) distractors in two environmental light conditions, low mesopic (L, 0.03 lux) and high mesopic (H, 6.5 lux), yielding a differential photoreceptor activity balance: rod>cone and rod

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Light Modulation of Exogenous Attention to Threat

Carretié

Ruiz-Padial

2016

Brain Topogr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is now widely accepted as a basic organizational principle of the vertebrate retina that different types of ganglion cell transmit different aspects of the visual input to the brain via multiple parallel informational streams (Stone, 1983; Dacey, 2004; Wässle, 2004; Masland and Martin, 2007). Because RGCs project to a diverse set of brain structures that use different regions of the spatiotemporal frequency spectrum, the types of ganglion cell appear to be equally diverse in morphology and physiology, perhaps as suggested by Sterling (2004), to match the message to the specific ‘end user’; thus RGCs appear to comprise some 10–20 morphological types with the exact number depending on species and the parameters used for classification (see Masland, 2012a and references therein). While great advances have been made in recent years describing ganglion cell types based on morphology and/or molecular phenotype, a detailed understanding of how different morphological types of ganglion cell relate to different aspects of the visual image remains far from complete (Masland, 2012b).…”

Section: The Visual System: Parallel Streams Of Signals From the Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wide spatial summation reduces sensitivity to high spatial frequencies thus allowing these cells to encode higher temporal frequencies. Lastly, a consequence of wide-field summation is a vigorous response to a fine stimulus that reverses contrast or moves within the dendritic field (Sterling, 2004). These non-linear response properties of alpha-Y ganglion cells serve two of its end users well, the cortical area MT that receives alpha-Y signals via the LGN and detects motion as an attribute of visual perception and the SC that responds to movement by generating orienting responses, eye movements or defensive movements such as escape or avoidance behavior (Comoli et al, 2012).…”

Section: Why Y Cells?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dorsal raphe nucleus projecting retinal ganglion cells: Why Y cells?

Pickard

2015

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Retinal ganglion Y (alpha) cells are found in retinas ranging from frogs to mice to primates. The highly conserved nature of the large, fast conducting retinal Y cell is a testament to its fundamental task, although precisely what this task is remained ill-defined. The recent discovery that Y-alpha retinal ganglion cells send axon collaterals to the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) in addition to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), medial interlaminar nucleus (MIN), pretectum and the superior colliculus (SC) has offered new insights into the important survival tasks performed by these cells with highly branched axons. We propose that in addition to its role in visual perception, the Y-alpha retinal ganglion cell provides concurrent signals via axon collaterals to the DRN, the major source of serotonergic afferents to the forebrain, to dramatically inhibit 5-HT activity during orientation or alerting/escape responses, which dis-facilitates ongoing tonic motor activity while dis-inhibiting sensory information processing throughout the visual system. The new data provide a fresh view of these evolutionarily old retinal ganglion cells.

show abstract

“…4). The horizontal cell sums these signals across the patch of 1000 cones to compute the mean and then subtracts it by feeding back negatively to the cone (reviewed by Sterling 3 ). Thus, the cone terminal transmits only differences from the mean-that is contrast, which is nearly as informative as the full signal and can be quantized with far lower vesicle rates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%